Análisis comparativo de los resultados visuales y refractivos tras la implantación de lentes intraoculares (lio) monofocales y multifocales mediante facoemulsificación convencional y asistida por láser de femtosegundo (flacs)

Abstract

The increasing aging population has led to a rise in cataract incidence, spurring the development of innovative surgical approaches for treatment. Phacoemulsification has long been the gold standard for cataract surgery. However, in recent years, Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) has emerged as a promising alternative. Additionally, the selection of intraocular lens (IOL) type can significantly impact postoperative visual outcomes and patient quality of life. This doctoral thesis undertook a comparative analysis of visual and refractive outcomes for cataract surgery patients who received monofocal and multifocal IOLs through both conventional phacoemulsification and FLACS techniques. This examination provides crucial guidance for determining the most appropriate surgical technique and IOL type for individual patients. Three distinct studies were presented: the first assessed visual and optometric outcomes following monofocal and multifocal IOL implantation, comparing conventional phacoemulsification to FLACS. Statistically significant differences were identified in subjective refraction and visual acuity across various visual contexts, underscoring the value of multifocal IOLs in diverse visual scenarios. The second study focused on the chromatic behavior of different IOL designs, revealing substantial disparities in terms of chromatic aberration and image quality between segmented refractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs and hybrid diffractive multifocal IOLs. This finding highlights the substantial influence of IOL design on visual quality. The third study characterized IOL position stability and refractive changes following FLACS and Femtis IOL implantation. It was observed that Femtis IOLs offered enhanced stability and visual acuity, particularly in the long-term perspective. All IOL types demonstrated improved visual acuity and the correction of refractive errors, emphasizing the significance of IOL stability and patient adaptation to varying lighting conditions for overall quality of life.