Generalización de los efectos de alineamiento y clasificación en educación secundariaevaluación de la eficacia de una actividad para la promoción de la competencia emprendedora

  1. Sara Martínez-Gregorio
  2. Amparo Oliver
Revista:
Revista de psicodidáctica

ISSN: 1136-1034

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 28

Número: 2

Páginas: 173-181

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSICOD.2023.05.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicodidáctica

Resumen

La iniciativa emprendedora se considera una de las competencias clave a trabajar en la enseñanza secundaria. Sin embargo, hay escasa investigación sobre la eficacia de las actividades de exposición al emprendimiento en la adolescencia. Los resultados pueden interpretarse erróneamente si no se tiene en cuenta efectos ocultos como los de clasificación y alineamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es doble. En primer lugar, comprobar la eficacia de una actividad de exposición al emprendimiento en un instituto de enseñanza secundaria en España. En segundo lugar, identificar la presencia de los efectos de clasificación y alineamiento en población adolescente. El estudio se basa en un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupo control con 225 estudiantes participantes, 158 han sido asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de intervención (M = 13.19 ± 0.91 años, rango de 11 a 15; 57.6% chicos) y 67 al control (M = 13.33 ± 0.88 años, rango de 11 a 15; 59.7% chicas), con muestreo por conglomerados. Han sido evaluadas antes y después de la intervención variables relevantes como la intención emprendedora, la autoeficacia emprendedora, la actitud hacia el emprendimiento, la norma subjetiva, el capital psicológico, el comportamiento prosocial y la certeza sobre la elección de futuros estudios. La actividad de exposición al emprendimiento consta de seis sesiones en las que se pide a los estudiantes que, en equipos, desarrollen una idea emprendedora que ayude a resolver un problema social. Los resultados, considerando las medias de los grupos, sólo muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en actitudes hacia el emprendimiento. La intervención actúa como atenuante de la reducción en esta variable en el grupo intervención. El análisis confirma que los efectos de alineamiento y clasificación al evaluar la intención emprendedora en actividades de exposición al emprendimiento no son exclusivos de universitarios y pueden generalizarse a adolescentes. Se discuten las implicaciones en orientación vocacional.

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