Not Every Day is Monday for Employees Confined due to COVID-19Anticipatory Happiness Matters

  1. Vicente Martínez-Tur 1
  2. Yolanda Estreder 1
  3. Inés Tomás 1
  4. Francisco Moreno 1
  5. Miguel A. Mañas-Rodríguez 2
  6. Pedro A. Díaz-Fúnez 2
  1. 1 DOCAL-University of Valencia, Spain
  2. 2 University of Almeria, Spain
Revista:
Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology

ISSN: 1576-5962

Any de publicació: 2022

Volum: 38

Número: 3

Pàgines: 201-211

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.5093/JWOP2022A12 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology

Resum

This study focuses on anticipatory happiness during the week (current happiness but considering the rest of the week) in employees confined due to COVID-19. In Diary Study 1, 71 employees with home-based telework participated on five consecutive workdays (Monday-Friday). We found a quadratic change pattern with an acceleration of the increase in anticipatory happiness right before the weekend. Results also confirmed a positive association between daily variability in anticipatory happiness and daily fluctuations in job satisfaction and positive affect. In Diary Study 2, 83 employees who carried out an essential activity outside the home participated for two consecutive weeks. Our findings showed a cubic change pattern where anticipatory happiness reaches its highest average score on Friday, dropping sharply on Monday, and then the cycle (rhythm) begins again. Changes in anticipatory happiness were positively associated with changes in job satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively related to fluctuations in negative affect.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • 20 Minutos (2020, March 20). El general Villarroya y su ‘arenga’ militar a la ciudadanía ante el confinamiento por coronavirus: todos somos soldados [General Villarroya and his military ‘pep talk’ to citizens facing confinement due to coronavirus: We are all soldiers]. 20 Minutos. www.20minutos.es/noticia/4194863/0/general-villarroya-defensa-soldados-coronavirus/
  • Bartunek, J. M., & Woodman, R. W. (2015). Beyond Lewin: Toward a temporal approximation of organization development and change. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(1), 157-182. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111353
  • Birdi, K., Warr, P., & Oswald, A. (1995). Age differences in three components of employee well-being. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 44(4), 345-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1995.tb01085.x
  • Boswell, W. R., Boudreau, J. W., & Tichy, J. (2005). The relationship between employee job change and job satisfaction: The honeymoon-hangover effect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 882-892. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.882
  • Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., Wagner, S. H., & Libkuman, T. M. (2005). Adaptation-level theory, opponent process theory, and dispositions: an integrated approach to the stability of job satisfaction. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1044-1053. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1044
  • Cernas-Ortiz, D. A., Mercado-Salgado, P., & Davis, M. A. (2018). Perspectiva futura de tiempo, satisfacción laboral y compromiso organizacional: el efecto mediador de la autoeficacia, la esperanza y la vitalidad. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 34(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2018a1
  • Clark, A. E., Oswald, A., & Warr, P. B. (1996). Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1996.tb00600.x
  • Colombo, L., & Landoni, M. (2014). A diary study of children’s user experience with ebooks using flow theory as framework. Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1145/2593968.2593978
  • da Costa, S., Páez, D., Oriol, X., & Unzueta, C. (2014). Regulación de la afectividad en el ámbito laboral: validez de las escalas de heterorregulación EROS y ElM. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(1), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2014a2
  • Dane, E., & George, J. M. (2014). Unpacking affective forecasting and its ties to project work in organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 39(2), 181-201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2012.0244
  • Daus, C., Cropanzano, R., Yang, L. Q., & Martínez-Tur, V. (2020). Emotions at work: From the “leaner years” to the “affective revolution.” In L. Q. Yang, R. Cropanzano, C. Daus, & V. Martínez-Tur (Eds.) Cambridge handbook of workplace affect and emotion (pp. 3-14). Cambridge University Press.
  • Desmet, P. M. A., Vastenburg, M. H., & Romero, N. (2016) Mood measurement with Pick-A-Mood: Review of current methods and design of a pictorial self-report scale. Journal of Design Research 14(3), 241-279. https://doi.org/10.1504/JDR.2016.10000563
  • Diamantopoulos, A., Sarstedt, M., Fuchs, C., Wilczynski, P., & Kaiser, S. (2012). Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: A predictive validity perspective. Journal of the Academy Marketing Science, 40(3), 434-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0300-3
  • Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  • Donaldson, S. I., Lee, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2019). The effectiveness of positive psychology interventions in the workplace: A theory-driven evaluation approach. In L. E. Van Zyl & S. Rothmann Sr. (Eds.), Theoretical approaches to multi-cultural positive psychological interventions (pp. 115-159). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20583-6_6
  • Dudenhöffer, S., & Dormann, C. (2013). Customer-related social stressors and service providers’ affective reactions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 520-539. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1826
  • Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Strycker, L. A. (2013). An introduction to latent variable growth curve modeling: Concepts, issues, and application. Routledge.
  • Eatough, E. M., Meier, L. L., Igic, I., Elfering, A., Spector, P. E., & Semmer, N. K. (2016). You want me to do what? Two daily diary studies of illegitimate tasks and employee well-being. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2032
  • Fordyce, M. W. (1988). A review of research on the happiness measures: A sixty second index of happiness and mental health. Social Indicators Research, 20(4), 355-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302333
  • George, J.M., & Jones, G.R. (2000). The role of time in theory and theory building. Journal of Management, 26(4), 657-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(00)00051-9
  • Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C, Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J., & Wheatley, T. P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 617-638. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.617
  • Griffin, R. W. (1991). Effects of work redesign on employee perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors: A long-term investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 34(2), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.2307/256449
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
  • Heck, R. H., Tabata, L., & Thomas, S. L. (2013). Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. Routledge.
  • Hilbolling, S., Hoogreef, P., Van der Bospoort, L., Vermeeren, B., Rierbroek, J., & Goedegebuure, K. (2012). Mood transitions of delayed international passengers at Amsterdam airport [Unpublished research report]. Delft University of Technology.
  • Hillhouse, J. J., Adler, C. M., & Walters, D. N. (2000). A simple model of stress, burnout and symptomatology in medical residents: A longitudinal study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 5(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/135485000106016
  • Ilies, R., & Judge, T. A. (2002). Understanding the dynamic relationships among personality, mood and job satisfaction: A field experience sampling study. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89(2), 1119-1139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00018-3
  • James, W. (1952). The principles of psychology. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Kabadayi, C., & Osvath, M. (2017). Ravens parallel great apes in flexible planning for tool-use and bartering. Science, 357(6347), 202-204. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam8138
  • Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(38), 16489-16493. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
  • Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103572
  • Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312(5782), 1908-1910. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129688
  • Kotera, Y., Ozaki, A., Miyatake, H., Tsunetoshi, C., Nishikawa, Y., & Tanimoto, T. (2021). Mental health of medical workers in Japan during COVID-19: Relationships with loneliness, hope and self-compassion. Current Psychology, 1-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01514
  • Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Aggarwal, P., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2021). Working in lockdown: The relationship between COVID-19 induced work stressors, job performance, distress, and life satisfaction. Current Psychology, 40(12), 6308-6323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01567-0
  • Kuntz, J. C. (2021). Resilience in times of global pandemic: Steering recovery and thriving trajectories. Applied Psychology-An International Review-Psychologie Appliquee-Revue Internationale, 70(1SI), 188-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12296
  • Kwon, N., Kim, M., & Kim, M. S. (2019). Daily positive affect and job crafting: The cross level moderating effects of individuals’ resources. Sustainability, 11(16), Article 4286. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164286
  • Loewenstein, G. (1987). Anticipation and the valuation of delayed consumption. The Economic Journal, 97(387), 666-684. https://doi.org/10.2307/2232929
  • Loewenstein, G., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267-286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267
  • Loi, R., Yang, J., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). Four-factor justice and daily job satisfaction: A multilevel investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(3), 770-781. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015714
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press.
  • Meyers, M., & Van Woerkom, M. (2017). Effects of a strengths intervention on general and work-related well-being: The mediating role of positive affect. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 18(3), 671-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9745-x
  • Michel, A., Turgut, S., Hoppe, A., & Sonntag, K. (2016). Challenge and threat emotions as antecedents of recovery experiences: Findings from a diary study with blue-collar workers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(5), 674-689. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2015.1128414
  • Nagy, M. S. (2002). Using a single-time approach to measure facet job satisfaction. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317902167658
  • Neumeier, L., Brook, L., Ditchburn, G., & Sckopke, P. (2017). Delivering your daily dose of wellbeing to the workplace: A randomized controlled trial of an online well-being programme for employees. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 555-573. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2017.1320281
  • Nicholson, T., & Griffin, B. (2017). Thank goodness it’s Friday: Weekly pattern of workplace incivility. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. An International Journal. 30(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2016.1192150
  • Ohly, S., Sonnentag, S., Niessen, C., & Zapf, D. (2010). Diary studies in organizational research: An introduction and some practical recommendations. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(2), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000009
  • Reis, H. T., & Gable, S. L. (2000). Event-sampling and other methods for studying everyday experience. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 190-222). Cambridge University Press.
  • Robbins, J. M., Ford, M. T., & Tetrick, L. E. (2012). Perceived unfairness and employee health: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 235-272. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025408
  • Roe, R. A. (2008). Time in applied psychology: The study of “what happens” rather than “what is”. European Psychologist, 13(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.13.1.37
  • Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Warren Brown, K., (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(1), 95-122. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.95
  • Salanova, M., Llorens, S., Acosta, H., & Torrente, P. (2013). Positive interventions in positive organizations. Terapia Psicológica, 31(1), 101-113. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082013000100010
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1),71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
  • Seibel, S., Volmer, J., & Syrek, C. J. (2020). Get a taste of your leisure time: The relationship between leisure thoughts, pleasant anticipation, and work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(6), 889-906. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2020.1804875
  • Shkoler, O., Rabenu, E., Iqbal, M. Z., Ferrari, F., Hatipoglu, B., Roazzi, A., Kimura, T., Tabak, F., Moasa, H., Vasiliu, C., Tziner, A., & Lebron, M. J. (2021). Heavy-work investment: Its dimensionality, invariance across 9 countries and levels before and during the COVID-19’s pandemic. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 37(2), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2021a8
  • Sonnentag, S., Mojza, E. J., Binnewies, C., & Scholl, A. (2008). Being engaged at work and detached at home: A week-level study on work engagement, psychological detachment, and affect. Work Stress. 22(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802379440
  • Stone, A. A., Schneider, S., & Harter, J. K. (2012). Day-of-week mood patterns in the United States: On the existence of ‘Blue Monday’, ‘Thank God it’s Friday’ and weekend effects. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(4), 306-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.691980
  • Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (1997). Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, 123(2), 133-167.
  • Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (2007). The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30(3), 299-351. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X07001975
  • Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110(3), 403-421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.3.403
  • Tsai, M. C. (2019). The good, the bad, and the ordinary: The day-of-the-week effect on mood across the globe. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(4), 2101-2124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0035-7
  • Van Dijk, W. W., Van Dillen, L. F., Seip, E. C., & Rotteveel, M. (2012). Emotional time travel: Emotion regulation and the overestimation of future anger and sadness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1853
  • Veenhoven, R. (2021). Daily happiness: How well we feel most of the time. In L. Herbert Meiselman (Ed.), Emotion measurement (pp.773-793). Elsevier.
  • Venz, L., Casper, A., & Sonnentag, S. (2020). Affect, stress, and health: The role of work characteristics and work events. In L. Q. Yang, R. Cropanzano, C. S. Daus, & V. Martínez-Tur (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of workplace affect (pp. 105-119). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108573887.009
  • Wang, B., Liu, Y. K., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving effective remote working during the Covid-19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology-An International Review-Psychologie Appliquée-Revue Internationale, 70(1SI), 16-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290
  • Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures? Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.247
  • Warr, P. (2013). Fuentes de felicidad e infelicidad en el trabajo: una perspectiva combinada. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(3), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a15
  • Warr, P. (2020). Happiness in its many forms. In L. Q. Yang, R. Cropanzano, C. Daus, & V. Martínez-Tur (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of workplace affect and emotion (pp. 426-439). Cambridge University Press.
  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
  • Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00045-1
  • Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). An affective events approach to job satisfaction. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (vol. 18, pp. 1-74). JAI.
  • West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2009). Single item measures of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are useful for assessing burnout in medical professionals. Journal of General Internal Medicine 24(12), 1318-1321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-1129-z
  • Williams, K. J., Suls, J., Alliger, G .M., Learner, S. M., & Wan, C. K. (1991). Multiple role juggling and daily mood states in working mothers: An experience sampling study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 664-674. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.5.664
  • Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 35, pp. 345-411). Elsevier Academic. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(03)01006-2
  • Zablah, A. R., Carlson, B. D., Donavan, D. T., Maxham, J. G., & Brown, T. J. (2016). A cross-lagged test of the association between customer satisfaction and employee job satisfaction in a relational context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(5), 743-755. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000079
  • Zerubavel, E. (1985). The seven day circle: The history and meaning of the week. The Free Press.