Entrepreneurship attitudes and the Big FiveA cross-cultural comparison between Spain and the United States

  1. Oliver, Amparo 1
  2. Schneider, Barry H.
  3. Galiana, Laura 2
  4. Puricelli, David Alex 3
  5. Schwendemann, Marc 4
  6. Tomás, Jose Manuel 2
  1. 1 Department of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia (Spain)
  2. 2 Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia (Spain)
  3. 3 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis (USA)
  4. 4 PsyD Program Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio (USA)
Erakutsi afiliazioak +
Aldizkaria:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Argitalpen urtea: 2022

Alea: 38

Zenbakia: 1

Orrialdeak: 119-127

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.459511 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Anales de psicología

Laburpena

Culture may interact with personality to facilitate or inhibit entrepreneurial behaviors. 296 undergraduates in the United States and 257 in Spain completed the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students (Mean age = 20.16 years; SD = 3.39). We hypothesized that across cultures, conscientiousness and openness would predict greater risk taking whereas neuroticism and agreeableness would be a negative correlate. Personality variables explained a larger proportion of the variance in entrepreneurial attitudes in the U.S. data. The associations between the personality dimensions and entrepreneurship varied considerably by country and gender. Significant positive correlations were found between conscientiousness and risk taking only for Spanish men. Neuroticism was significantly and negatively correlated with risk taking only for American participants.

€ Ikusi finantzaketa

Finantzaketari buruzko informazioa

This research was partially supported by grants for exchange visits by Harvard RCC in Boston, USA, to Amparo Oliver in 2018 and by the International Mobility Research program of the University of Valencia to Barry H. Schneider in 2019.

Finantzatzaile

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Acemoglu, D., & Pischke, J. (1998). Why do firms train? Theory and evidence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(1), 79-119. https://doi.org/10.3386/w5605.
  • Allik J, &. McCrae RR. (2004). Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022103260382
  • Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.729
  • Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: a look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007
  • Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Psychological and environmental factors which distinguish the successful from the unsuccessful entrepreneur: a longitudinal study. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1980(1), 368–372. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1980.4977943
  • Bustelo, M. (2016). Three Decades of State Feminism and Gender Equality Policies in Multi-governed Spain. Sex Roles, 74, 107-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0381-9
  • Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., & Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367-383. https://doi.org/ 10.1037//0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Chatterjee, S., Dutta Gupta, S.D., & Upadhyay, P. (2018). Empowering women and stimulating development at bottom of pyramid through micro-entrepreneurship. Management Decision, 56, 1, 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0296
  • Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., & House, R. J. (Eds.). (2007). Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203936665
  • Ferreras-Garcia, R.,Hernández-Lara, A. B., Serradell-López, E. (2020). Gender and learning results: a study on their relationship in entrepreneurship education and business plans, Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1723525
  • Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in SEM. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural Equation Modelling: A Second Course (pp. 269-314). Information Age Publishing.
  • Gupta, V., & Fernandez, C. (2009). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in characteristics attributed to entrepreneurs: A three-nation study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15, 304-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051808326036
  • Hahn, D., Minola, T., Bosio, G., & Cassia, L. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 257-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00143-y
  • Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 24, 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600403
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • John, O.P. & Srivastava, S. (1999) The Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives. In: Pervin, L.A. and John, O.P. Eds., Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, Vol. 2, Guilford Press, 102-138.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford.
  • Laurent, A. (1980). Once a Frenchman, always a Frenchman… International Management, 35, 6, 45-46.
  • Moral-Arce, I., Sperlich, S., Fernández-Saínz, A. I., & Roca, M. J. (2012). Trends in the gender pay gap in Spain: A semiparametric analysis. Journal of Labor Research, 33(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-011-9124-7
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2018). Mplus User's Guide Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables (7th ed.). Authors.
  • O’Connell, J. J., Prieto, J. M., & Gutierrez, C. (2007). Managerial culture and leadership in Spain. In. Chhokar, J.S. Brodbck, F. C. & House, R.J. (Eds). F. C. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies (pp. 623-654).
  • Oliver, A., & Galiana, L. (2015). Development and validation of the Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (EAEE). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.14
  • Rico, P., & Cabrer-Borrás, B. (2018). Gender differences in self-employment in Spain. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-09-2017-0059
  • Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2007). The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 173-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299
  • Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). "Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in big five personality traits across 55 cultures": Correction to Schmitt et al. (2008). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(1), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014651
  • Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review. 25, 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611
  • Teixeira, A. A., & Vasque, R. (2020). Entrepreneurship And Happiness: Does National Culture Matter? Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25, 1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946720500077
  • Valiente, C. (2008). Spain at the vanguard in European gender equality policies. In S. Roth (Ed.), Gender politics in the expanding European Union: Mobilization, inclusion, exclusion (pp. 101-117). Berghahn.
  • Weber, C. S. (2013). Cultural differences in risk tolerance. Institute of Economics, Working Paper No. 01-2013. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/74ac/1bb6f9c49b85466b4d22ac7d63017a5f6149.pdf
  • Warnecke, T. (2013). Entrepreneurship and gender: An institutional perspective. Journal of Economic Issues, 47(2), 455-464. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624470219
  • Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.259
  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36 (2). 381-404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309335187
  • Zinkhan, G. M., & Karande, K. W. (1991). Cultural and gender differences in risk-taking behavior among American and Spanish decision makers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131(5), 741-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1991.992465
  • López-Sáez,M., Morales,J.F., Lisbona,A. (2008). Evolution of gender ste-reotypes in Spain: traits and roles. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(2), 609-617. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004613.
Datuen iturria: Dialnet