Factores situacionales y disposicionales como predictores de la ansiedad y autoconfianza precompetitiva en deportistas universitarios

  1. Pineda Espejel, A.
  2. López Walle, J.
  3. Tomás, I.
Revista:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423 1989-5879

Any de publicació: 2015

Volum: 15

Número: 2

Pàgines: 55-70

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.4321/S1578-84232015000200007 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Altres publicacions en: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Resum

Based on the self-determination theory and the theory of achievement goal, the main of this study was to test two models that sequentially examining the relationship between situational factors (motivational climate created by the coach), dispositional factors (goal orientations and motivational regulations), and consequences of pre-competitive anxiety and self-confidence (considering its dimensions of intensity and direction). Also was analyzed the mediating role of goal orientations and motivational regulations, in the relationship between motivational climate and precompetitive anxiety and selfconfidence. A cross-sectional design was used for the data collection; and to test the hypothesized model structural equation models were used. 211 college athletes of both genders (M = 19.97 years, SD = 2.01) responded to PMCSQ-2, the TEOSQ, the SMS and the CSAI-2R with direction scale. The results partially supported the proposed models. They also noted the mediating role of task orientation and no motivation regarding the relationship between climate of involvement in the task and somatic anxiety; while task orientation and autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between climate of involvement in the task and the direction of self-confidence. The results are analyzed and discussed in line with theoretical frameworks

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Amado, D., Sánchez, P. A., Leo, F. M., Sánchez, D. González, I. y López, J. M. (2012). Análisis de los procesos motivacionales sobre el flow disposicional y la ansiedad y su incidencia sobre la intención de persistencia en conservatorios profesionales de danza. Arte y Movimiento, 6, 37-51.
  • Amado, D., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Leo, F. M., Sánchez-Oliva, D. y García-Calvo, T. (2013). Desarrollo de un modelo de motivación para explicar el flow disposicional y la ansiedad en bailarines profesionales. Universitas Psychologica, 12, 457-470.
  • Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: goals, structures and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 261-271.
  • Balaguer, I., Castillo, I. y Duda, J. L. (2007). Propiedades psicomé tricas de la Escala de Motivación Deportiva en deportistas españoles. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 24, 197-207.
  • Balaguer, I., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L. y García-Merita, M. (2011). Asociaciones entre la percepción del clima motivacional creado por el entrenador, orientaciones disposicionales de meta, regulaciones motivacionales y vitalidad subjetiva en jóvenes jugadoras de tenis. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 133-148.
  • Batista-Foguet, J. M. y Coenders, G. (2000). Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Madrid: La Muralla.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA.: Multivariate Software.
  • Besharat, M. A. y Pourbohlool, S. (2011). Moderating effects of selfconfidence and sport self-efficacy on the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport performance. Psychology, 2, 760-765.
  • Biddle, S. J. H., Wang, C. K. J., Kavussanu, M. y Spray, C. M. (2003). Correlates of achievement goal orientations in physical activity: A systematic review of research. European Journal of Sport Science, 3, 1-20.
  • Browne, M. W. y Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. En K. A. Bollen y J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
  • Browne, M. W. y Du Toit, S. H. C. (1992). Automated fitting of nonstandard models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 27, 269-300.
  • Brunel, P. C. (1999). Relationship between achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on intrinsic motivation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 9, 365-374.
  • Cecchini, J. A., González, C. Carmona, A. M. y Contreras, O. (2004). Relaciones entre clima motivacional, la orientación de meta, la motivación intrínseca, la auto-confianza, la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo en jóvenes deportistas. Psicothema, 16, 104-109.
  • Cecchini, J. A., González, C. López-Prado, J. y Brustad, R. J. (2005). Relación del clima motivacional percibido con la orientación de meta, la motivación intrínseca y las opiniones y conductas de fair play. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 22, 469-479.
  • Cervelló, E., Santos-Rosa, F. J., Jiménez, R., Nerea, A. y García, T. (2002). Motivación y ansiedad en jugadores de tenis. Revista Motricidad, 9, 141-161.
  • Cox, R. H. (2009). Psicología del deporte: Conceptos y sus aplicaciones. Madrid: Medica panamericana.
  • Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P. y Russell W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 519-533.
  • Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J. y Feltz, D. L. (2003). The relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and sport performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Sport and Excercise Psychology, 25, 44-65.
  • Deci, E. L. y Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Deci, E. L. y Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037.
  • Deci, E. L. y Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. En R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Vol. 38, Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Deci, E. L. y Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
  • Deci, E. L. y Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49, 182-185.
  • Duda, J. L. (1989). The relationship between task and ego orientation and the perceived purpose of sport among male and female high school athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 318-335.
  • Duda, J. L. (2001). Goals perspectives research in sport: Pushing the boundaries and clarifying some misunderstandings. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 129-182). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
  • Dweck, C. S. (1999). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
  • Giwin, K. B. (2001). Goal orientations of adolescents, coaches, and parents: Is there a convergence of beliefs? Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 227-247.
  • Holgado, F. P., Navas, L. y López-Núñez, M. (2010). Goal orientation in sport: a causal model. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 3, 19-32.
  • Hu, L. y Bentler, P. M, (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
  • Jones, G. (1991). Recent developments and current issues in competitive anxiety in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 152-155.
  • Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: Research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 449-478.
  • Jones, G. y Hanton, S. (2001). Pre-competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sport Sciences, 19, 385-395.
  • Jones, G. y Swain, A. (1992). Intensity and direction as dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 467-472.
  • Jones, G., Swain, A. y Cale, A. (1991). Gender differences in precompetition temporal patterning and antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 1-15.
  • Jones, G., Swain, A. y Hardy, L. (1993). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 525-532.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. y Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. y Sörbom, D. (2006). LISREL 8.80. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
  • Kais, K. y Raudsepp, L. (2005). Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety, self-confidence and athletic performance. Kinesiology, 37, 13-20.
  • Kolayis, H. (2012). Examining how wheelchair basketball players' selfesteem and motivation levels impact on their state and trait anxiety levels. Biology of Sport, 29, 285-290.
  • Levesque, C., Copeland, K. J., Pattie, M. D. y Deci, E. L. (2010). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. En P. Peterson, E. Baker, y B. Mc-Gaw (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education. 6, (pp. 618-623). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • López, N. I. (2011). Relación entre factores motivacionales y niveles de ansiedad en porristas en precompetencia. International Journal of Psychological Research, 4, 80-91.
  • López-Walle, J., Balaguer, I., Castillo, I. y Tristán, J. (2011). Clima motivacional percibido, motivación autodeterminada y autoestima en jóvenes deportistas mexicanos. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 209-222.
  • López-Walle, J., Balaguer, I., Meliá, J. L., Castillo, I. y Tristán, J. (2011). Adaptación a la población mexicana del Cuestionario de Orientación al Ego y a la Tarea en el Deporte (TEOSQ). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 523-536.
  • Martens, R. (1977). Competitive State Anxiety Test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Martens, R., Vealey, R. S. y Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S. y Jones, G. (2003). Emotional labeling and competitive anxiety in preparation and competition. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 157-154.
  • Montero-Carretero, C., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., González-Cutre, D. y Cervelló-Gimeno, E. M. (2013). Motivación, dirección de la autoconfianza y flow en judokas de alto nivel. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 31, 1-16.
  • Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E. y González-Cutré, D. (2007). Analizando la motivación en el deporte: un estudio a través de la teoría de la autodeterminación. Apuntes de Psicología, 25, 35-51.
  • Moreno, J. A., Cervelló, E. y González-Cutré, D. (2010). La teoría de las metas de logro y la teoría de la autodeterminación como predictores del flow disposicional en jóvenes deportistas. Anales de Psicología, 26, 390-399.
  • Newton, M. L., Duda, J. L. y Yin, Z. (2000). Examination of the psychometric properties of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 in a simple of female athletes. Journal of Sport Science, 18, 275-290.
  • Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Conceptions of ability and achievement motivation. En R. Ames y C. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: Student motivation (Vol. I, pp. 39-73). New York: Academic Press.
  • Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, ASS: Harvard University.
  • Ntoumanis, N. (2001). Empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 397-409.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M. y Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation in ports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 35-53.
  • Pineda-Espejel, H. A., López-Walle, J. y Tomás, I. (2014). Validación de la versión mexicana del CSAI-2R en sus escalas de intensidad y dirección. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 31, 198-212.
  • Quinlan, M. (2010). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction, motivational regulation and psychological well-being in elite hurlers (Tesis de maestría). Recuperada del archivo digital de la Jyväskylä University.
  • Ramis, Y., Torregrosa, M., Viladrich, C. y Cruz, J. (2013). El apoyo a la autonomía generado por entrenadores, compañeros y padres y su efecto sobre la motivación autodeterminada de deportistas de iniciación. Anales de Psicología, 29, 243-248.
  • Reeve, J. (1989). The Interest-Enjoyment Distinction in Intrinsic Motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 13, 83-103.
  • Reyes, M. A. (2009). Clima motivacional y orientación de meta en futbolistas peruanos de primera división. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 9, 5-20.
  • Ruiz-Juan, F. y Zarauz, A. (2013). Ansiedad, satisfacción, percepción y creencias sobre las causas del éxito en atletas veteranos españoles. Revista de Ansiedad y Estrés, 19, 83-93.
  • Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
  • Ryan, R. M. y Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
  • Ryan, R. M. y Deci, E. L. (2000). La teoría de la autodeterminación y la facilitación de la motivación intrínseca, del desarrollo social, y el bienestar. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
  • Ryan, R. M. y Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
  • Standage, M., Duda, J. L. y Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 97-110.
  • Smith, A. L., Balaguer, I. y Duda, J. L. (2006). Goal orientation profile differences on perceived motivational climate, perceived peer relationships, and motivation-relate responses of youth athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 1315-1327.
  • Smith, R. E., Cumming, S. P. y Smoll, F. L. (2008). Development and validation of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 116-136.
  • Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L. y Cumming, S. P. (2009). Motivational climate and changes in young athletes' achievement goal orientations. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 173-183.
  • Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L. y Schutz, R. W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2, 263-280.
  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect Effects in structural equation models. En S. Leinhardt (Ed.) Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). Washington, D. C.: American Sociological Association.
  • Taylor, A. B., MacKinnon, D. P. y Tein, J. Y. (2008). Tests of the threepath mediated effect. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 241-269.
  • Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. En M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271-360). New York: Academic Press.
  • Vallerand, R. J. y Fortier, M. S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. En J. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement. (pp. 91-101). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Vallerand, R. J. y Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of applied sport psychology, 11, 142-169.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Zhou, M., Lens, W. y Soenens, B. (2005). Experiences of autonomy and control among Chinese learners: Vitalizing of immobilizing? Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 468-483.
  • Vosloo, J., Ostrow, A. y Watson, J. C. (2009). The relationships between motivational climate, goal orientations, anxiety, and self-confídence among swimmers. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32, 376-393.
  • Wiggins, M. S. (1998). Anxiety intensity and direction: Pre performance temporal patterns and expectation in athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 201-211.
  • Wylleman, P. y Lavallee, D. (2004). A developmental perspective on transitions faced by athletes. En M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective. (507-527). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Zarauz, A. y Ruiz-Juan, F. (2014). Factores determinantes de la ansiedad en atletas veteranos españoles. Universitas Psychologica, 13.
  • Zurita, F., Fernández, R., Cachón, J., Linares, D. y Pérez, A. J. (2014). Aspectos psicosomáticos implicados en las lesiones deportivas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14, 81-88.