Escala de Percepción de Promoción del Bienestar para Entrenadores (EPPBE)análisis inicial de sus propiedades psicométricas y validez
ISSN: 1885-3137
Año de publicación: 2011
Volumen: 7
Número: 26
Páginas: 393-407
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte
Resumen
Este estudio analizó las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Percepción de Promoción del Bienestar para Entrenadores (EPPBE), compuesta por 6 dimensiones: Autocontrol, castigo, apoyo social, apoyo a la autonomía, apoyo a la competencia y apoyo a la afiliación. Se administró la escala a 506 entrenadores y se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La validez nomológica se analizó a través de las relaciones de las variables con la satisfacción de necesidades básicas y la motivación autodeterminada. El modelo mostró un ajuste adecuado a los datos. El castigo percibido no correlacionó con el resto de variables de la escala, que sí mostraron correlaciones positivas entre ellas, hasta el punto de que el apoyo a la competencia y autonomía fueron escasamente diferenciadas, mostrando una correlación muy alta. Se verificaron relaciones positivas de todas las variables, excepto el castigo, con la satisfacción de necesidades y la motivación autodeterminada, siendo negativa solo en el caso del castigo. El castigo solo se relacionó negativamente con la motivación autodeterminada. Estas relaciones apoyaron los postulados de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación y los estudios realizados en atletas. Como conclusión, la escala EPPBE mostró propiedades psicométricas y validez adecuadas para utilizarla como instrumento de medida.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Amorose, A.J. (2007). Coaching effectiveness: Exploring the relationship between coaching behavior and self-determined motivation. En M.S. Hagger, & N.L.D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport (pp. 209-227). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman & Co.
- Bandura, A.; Caprara, G. V.; Barbaranelli, C.; Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of affective self-regulatory in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child Development, 74, 769-782. (Pubitemid 37244639)
- Barlow, J.; Wright, C., & Cullen, L. (2002). A job-seeking self-efficacy scale for people with physical disabilities: preliminary development and psychometric testing. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 30, 37-53.
- Bentler, P.M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
- Bentler, P.M., & Bonnet, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structure. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
- Bisschop, M. I.; Knegsman, D. M. W.; Beekman, A. T. F., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2004). Chronic diseases and depression: the modifying role of psychosocial resources. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 721-733. (Pubitemid 38744528)
- Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of instructors' autonomy support and students' autonomous motivation on learning organic chemistry: A self-determination theory perspective. Science Education, 84, 740-756.
- Bollen, K.A. (1989). A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17, 3, 303-316.
- Caprara, G. V. (2002). Personality psychology: filling the gap between basic processes and molar functioning. En C. von Hofsten & L. Backman (Eds.). Psychology at the turn of the millennium : Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives (vol. 2, pp. 201- 224). Florence, KY: Taylor & Frances.
- Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 34-45.
- Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985a). The general causality orientations scale: Selfdetermination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134.
- Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985b). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. Plenum: New York.
- Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological wellbeing across life's domains. Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.
- Deci, E.L.; Koestner, R., & Ryan, R.M. (1999). A meta-analytic reviews of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668.
- Deci. E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human. Educational Psychologist, 28, (2). 117-48.
- Duda, J. L. (2001). Achievement goal research in sport: Pushing the boundaries and clarifying some misunderstandings. En G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Edmunds, J.; Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265 (Pubitemid 44199263)
- Faure, S., & Loxton, H. (2003). Anxiety, depression and self-efficacy levels of women undergoing first trimester abortion. South African Journal of Psychology, 33, 28-38.
- Fraser-Thomas, J., & Côté, J. (2009). Understanding adolescents' positive and negative developmental experiences in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 3-23.
- Gagné, M.; Ryan, R.M., & Bargmann, K. (2003): Autonomy Support and Need Satisfaction in the Motivation and Well-Being of Gymnasts, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15:4, 372-390 (Pubitemid 38191532)
- Garssen, B. (2004). Psychological factors and cancer development: evidence after 30 years of research. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 315-338. (Pubitemid 38881545)
- Gould, D.; Finch, L.M., & Jackson, S.A. (1993). Coping strategies utilized by national champion figure skaters. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64 (1), 83-93.
- Guzmán, J.F., & Kingston, K. (2011, en prensa). Prospective study of sport dropout: A motivational analysis as a function of age and gender. European Journal of Sport Science (aceptado para publicación).
- Guzmán, J.F., y Ramón-Llin, J. (en revisión). Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades para Entrenadores (ESANPE): Análisis inicial de sus propiedades psicométricas y validez.
- Guzmán, J.F., y Romagnoli, M. (en revisión). Escala de Motivación para Entrenadores (EME): Análisis inicial de sus propiedades psicométricas y validez.
- Hagger, M.S.; Chatzisarantis, N.L.D.; Hein, V.; Pihu, M.; Soos, I., & Karsai, I. (2007). The perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings (PASSES): Development, validity, and cross-cultural invariance in young people. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 632-653
- Heckman, T. G. (2003). The Chronic Illness Quality of Life (CIQOL) Model: explaining life satisfaction in people living with HIV disease. Health Psychology, 22, 140-147. (Pubitemid 36307561)
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Issues, concepts, and applications (pp. 76-99). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Kahn, J. H.; Hessling, R. M., & Russell, D. W. (2003). Social support, health, and wellbeing among the elderly: what is the role of negative affectivity?. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 5-17. (Pubitemid 36567371)
- Kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2004). Social anxiety's impact on affect, curiosity, and social self-efficacy during a high self-focus social threat situation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 119-141. (Pubitemid 38987222)
- Kast, A., & Connor, K. (1988). Sex and age differences in responses to information and controlling feedback. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 514-523.
- King, K. B. (1997). Psychological and social aspects of cardiovascular disease. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 264-270. (Pubitemid 28196286)
- Kuijer, R. G., & de Ridder, D. (2003). Discrepancy in illness-related goals and quality of life in chronically ill patients: the role of self-efficacy. Psychology and Health, 18, 313-330. (Pubitemid 36795317)
- Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Lazarus, R.S. (2000a). Cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion. En Y.L. Hanin (Ed.), Emotions in sport (pp. 39-63). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Lazarus, R.S. (2000b). How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 229-252.
- Li, F. (1999). The Exercise Motivation Scale: Its multifaceted structure and construct validity. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 97-115.
- Li, F., & Harmer, P. (1996). Testing the simple assumption underlying the Sport Motivation Scale: A structural equation modeling analysis. Research Quarterly for Sport and Exercise, 67, 396-405. (Pubitemid 126421746)
- Lonsdale, C.; Hodge, K., & Rose, E. A. (2008). The behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire: instrument development and initial validity evidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30, 323-355.
- Lukwu, R.M., & Guzmán, J.F. (2011a). Sport commitment and adherence: A socialcognitive analysis. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte (aceptado para publicación).
- Lukwu, R.M., y Guzmán, J.F. (2011b). Deportividad en balonmano: un análisis desde la teoría de la autodeterminación. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 305-320.
- Mageau, G. A. y Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach-athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 881-954.
- Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment. The American Psychologist, 35, 1012-1027.
- Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1998). The relationship between adult attachment styles and emotional and cognitive reactions to stressful events. En J. A. Simpson y W. S. Rhodes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 143-165). New York: Guilford.
- Mouratidis, A.; Vansteenkiste, M.; Lens, W., & Sideridis, G. (2008). The motivating role of positive feedback in sport and physical education: evidence for a motivational model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 240-268
- Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225-242. (Pubitemid 33711229)
- Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education using a self-determination theory framework. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 444-453. (Pubitemid 41426394)
- Pierce, G. R.; Sarason, B. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1992). General and specific social support expectations and stress as predictors of perceived supportiveness: An experimental study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 297-307.
- Pittman, R. S.; Davey, M. E.; Alafat, K. A.; Wetherill, K. V., & Kramer, N. A. (1980). Informational versus controlling verbal rewards. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 228-233.
- Reinboth, M.; Duda, J., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 297-313. (Pubitemid 39216546)
- Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
- Ryan, R.M., & Connell, J.P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
- Ryan, R. M., & Solky, J. A. (1996). What is supportive about social support? On the psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness. En G. R. Pierce, B. R. Sarason y I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Handbook of Social Support and the Family. New York: Plenum.
- Sarrazin, P.; Vallerand, R.; Guillet, E.; Pelletier, L., & Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 395-418. (Pubitemid 37283062)
- Sayal, K.; Checkley, S.; Rees, M.; Jacobs, C.; Harris, T.; Papadopoulos, A.; & col. (2002). Effects of social support during weekend leave on cortisol and depression ratings: a pilot study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71, 153-157.
- Scanlan, T. K.; Stein, G. L., & Ravizza, K. (1991). An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 13, 103-120.
- Shnek, Z. M.; Irvine, J.; Stewart, D., & Abbey, S. (2001). Psychological factors and depressive symptoms in ischemic heart disease. Health Psychology, 20, 141-145. (Pubitemid 32233871)
- Smoll, F. L., & Smith, R. E. (2002). Coaching behavior research and intervention in youth sports. En F. L. Smoll y R. E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychological perspective (2nd ed., pp. 211-234). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing.
- Standage, M.; Duda, J.L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2003). Predicting motivational regulations in physical education: the interplay between dispositional goal orientations, motivational climate and perceived competence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 631-647. (Pubitemid 36874031)
- Steiger, J.H., & Lind, J. (1980). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society. Iowa City.
- Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M.K. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 14, 25-32. (Pubitemid 38057639)
- Udry, E.; Gould, D.; Bridges, D., y Tuffey, S. (1997). People helping people? Examining the social ties of athletes coping with burnout and injury stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 368-395.
- Vallerand, R.J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. En M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 271-360). New York: Academic Press.
- Vallerand, R.J. (2007). A Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Sport and Physical Activity. En M.S. Hagger y N.L.D Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport (pp. 255-280). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Vallerand, R.J., & Fortier, M.S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: a review and critique. En J. Duda (Ed.), Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement (pp. 81-101). Morgantown, WV: FIT.
- Vallerand, R.J., & Losier, G.F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 142-169.
- Wheaton, B.; Muthén, B.; Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. En D.R. Heise (Ed.), Sociological methodology, (pp., 84- 136). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.