La importancia del trabajo en los jóvenes durante los primeros años de empleo

  1. González Navarro, Pilar
  2. Gracía Lerín, Francisco Javier
  3. Salanova Soria, Marisa
Journal:
Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology

ISSN: 1576-5962

Year of publication: 1996

Volume: 12

Issue: 1

Pages: 27-50

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology

Abstract

Work is a basic and central role in the life of human beings because of the large amount of time we dedicate to it, because it allows the satisfaction of economic and psychosocial needs and because of its interrelation with other areas of fife (e.g. family or leisure). However, the importance that work has in one person's life varies from one person to another and it is a central component of the set of beliefs, values and attitudes that constitute the meaning of work. Work centrality refers to the importance that work has for people in their global life at a given time. The objective of this paper is to study the changes that have been produced in the importance that work has for youth during the first years of employment. The hypotheses we establish are that young employees will have changed the degree of relevance that work has in their lifes. In this sense, we think that a relevant variable to explain these changes will be the events or changes that the subject has experienced in his/her work (e.g. job changes, changes of hierarchic level, firm, industrial sector or employment/unemployment situation). Results are a support for the interactive approach (Drenth, 1991) to the controversial theme of the meaning of work stability.

Bibliographic References

  • Baltes, P.B.; Reese, H.W. y Lipschitt, L.P. (1980): Life span development psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 65-110.
  • Cherrington, D.J. (1977): The value of younger workers. Bussiness Horizon, 20, 18-30.
  • De Graaf, H.D. y De Graaf, P.M. (1988): De Samenhang Tussen leeefteijd en postmaterialistische waardenpatronen. Sociologische Gids, 35 (6), 397-417.
  • Doering, M.; Rhodes, S.R. y Schuster, M. (1983): The aging worker: research and recommendations. California: Sage Publications.
  • Drenth, P.J.D. (1991): Work meanings: a conceptual, semantic and developmental approach. European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 1991, 1, (2/3), 125-133.
  • Dubin, R. (1956): Industrial workers' worlds: a study of the «central life interests» of industrial workers. Social Problems, 3, 131-142.
  • England, G.W. (1991): The meaning of working in the USA: Recent changes. European Work and Organizational Psychologists, 1, (2/3),111-124.
  • Fineman, s. (1991): The meaning of working? European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 1991, 1, (2/3), 166-173.
  • Greeenhaus, J.H. (1973): A factorial investigation of career salience. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 3, 95-98.
  • Harpaz, 1. (1987): Some initial thoughts about youth's socialization to work: toward a development of a heuristic model. In J.M. Peiró y D. Moret (Eds.), Socialización laboral y desempleo juvenil: la transición de la escuela al trabajo. Valencia: Nau LLibres.
  • Harpaz, 1. (1988): Variables affecting non-financial employment commitment. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 37, 3, 235-248.
  • Harpaz, 1. (1993): Meaning of work variables affecting work centrality in the socialization process of career starters. Paper presented to VI European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology, April, Alicante.
  • Jackson, p.r.; STAFFORD, E.M.; Banks, M.H. y WARR, P.B. (1983): Unemployment and psychological distress in young people. The moderating role of employment commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 525-535.
  • Kalleberg, A.L. y Loscocco, K.A. (1.983): Ageing, values and rewards: explaining age differences in job satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 48, 78-90.
  • Kanungo, R.N. (1981): Work alienation and involvement. Problems and prospects. International Review of Applied Psychology, 30, 1-15.
  • Kanungo, R.N. (1982): Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349.
  • Leppanen, A. (1986). Measurement of work characteristics by questionnaire methods. Acta-Psychologica-Fermica, 11, 79-97.
  • Lindsay, P. y Knox, W.E. (1984): Continuity and change in work values among young adults: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Sociology, 89, (4), 9189311.
  • Lodaffi, T. y Kejner, M. (1.965): The definition and measurement of work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33.
  • Lorence, L. y Mortimer, J.T. (1985): Job involvement through the life course: a pannel study of three age groups. American Sociological Review, 50, 618-638.
  • Luborsky, L. y Schimek, J. (1964): Psychoanalitic theories of therapeutic and developmental changes: implications for assessment. In P. Worchel & D. Byrne (Eds.), Personal change. New York: Wiley.
  • Manheirn, B. (1975): A comparative study of work centrality, job rewards and satisfaction. Sociology of Work and Occupations, 2, 79-101.
  • Manheim, B. y Dubin, R. (1986): Work role centrality of industrial workers as related to organizational conditions, task autonomy, managerial orientations and personal characteristics. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 7, 107-124.
  • MIsUmi, J. y Yamori, K. (1991): Values and beyond: training for a higher work centrality in Japan. European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 1991, 1, (2/3),135-145.
  • Mortimer, J. y Lorenco, J. (1979): Work experiences and occupational value socialization: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 1361-1385.
  • MOW-International Research Team (1987): The meaning of working. London: Academic Press.
  • Offe, C. (1984): «ArbeitsgeselIschaft». Strukturprobleme und zukunftsperspektiven. Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
  • Opaschowski, H.W. (1.985): Die neue freizeitarbeitsethik. In Altvater & M. Baethke (Eds.), Arbeit 2000. Hamburg: Verlag Zum Studium der Arbeiterbewegung.
  • Roseel, E. (1984): The impact of recent changes on the work ethics uppon organizational life. Brussels: Vrijeuniversiteit.
  • Ruiz Quintanilla, S.A. y Wilpert, B. (1991): Are work meanings changing? European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 1991, 1, (2/3), 91-109.
  • Salanova, M. (1992): Un estudio del significado del trabajo en jóvenes de primer empleo. Tesis Doctoral. Universitat de Valéncia.
  • Sancerni, M.D.; Peiró, J.M.; González-Romá, V. y Meliá, J.L. (1989): El compromiso con el trabajo en la transición de la escuela al mundo laboral. Revista de Psicología Social, 4(3), 247-259.
  • Stafford, E.M.; Banks, M.H. y Jackson, P.R. (1979): Young people starting work: first survey of Leeds 1978 school leavers. Memo 355, MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit. University of Sheffield.
  • Stafford, E.M.; Jackson, P.R. y Banks, M.H. (1980): Employment, work involvement and mental health in less qualified young people. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 291-304.
  • Super, D.E. (1970): Manual: Work values inventory. Boston: Houghton-Miffin.
  • Super, D.E. (1976): Career education and the meanings of work. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Super, D.E. (1980): Life-space approach to carcer development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 16, 282-298.
  • Sverko, B. (1989): Origin of individual differences in importance attached to work. A model and a contribution to its evaluation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 34, 28-39.
  • Triandis, H. (1991): Commets on work centrality and work meanings. European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 1991, 1, (213), 173-176.
  • Ullah, P.; Banks, M.H. y Warr, P.B. (1985): Social support, social pressures and psychological distress during unemployment. Psychological Medicine, 15, 283-295.
  • Whitely, W.; PEIRO, J. Y SARCHIELLI, G. (1992): Work socialization of youth theoretical framework research methodology and potential implications. International Review of Psychology, 5. 9-35.
  • Wosy International Research Group (1989): Socialización laboral del joven. Un estudio transnacional. Papeles del Psicólogo, 39/40, 32-45.
  • Wright, J.D. y Hamilton, R.F. (1978): Work satisfaction and age: some evidence for the «job change» hypothesis. Social Forces, 55, 1140-1158.
  • Yankelovich, D. (1974): The new morale: a profile of American youth in the 70s. New York: Wiley.
Data source: Dialnet