Monedas sociales en la era digitalretos y oportunidades
- Albert, Juan Francisco 1
- Gómez Fernández, Nerea 1
- Náñez Alonso, Sergio Luis 2
-
1
Universitat de València
info
-
2
Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila
info
ISSN: 0213-8093
Año de publicación: 2024
Número: 110
Páginas: 163-200
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: CIRIEC - España. Revista de economía pública, social y cooperativa
Resumen
En los últimos años se han experimentado dos procesos de innovación monetaria de forma simultánea: la digitalización del dinero y el auge de las monedas sociales. Estas tendencias se han integrado y han dado lugar a la aparición de lo que denominamos monedas sociales digitales. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos. Por un lado, se realiza una evaluación de las ventajas e inconvenientes de una digitalización completa de las monedas sociales. Si bien las nuevas tecnologías y la digitalización ofrecen ventajas notorias a las monedas sociales como pueden ser la posibilidad de dotarlas de un mayor alcance y eficiencia, también tienen aparejado una serie de retos y problemas. Entre los problemas más importantes destaca la exclusión de uso por parte de los individuos con poco interés o pocas habilidades digitales. Centrándonos en este problema, en la segunda parte del trabajo realizamos un análisis cuantitativo, a través de modelos logísticos multinivel y datos de la encuesta Global Findex, para discernir qué estratos de la población son menos susceptibles al uso de medios de pagos digitales. Conocer los grupos poblaciones que podrían verse excluidos de las monedas sociales digitales puede servir para elaborar y diseñar políticas públicas destinadas a mejorar la inclusión financiera y digital de toda la población.
Referencias bibliográficas
- AGLIETTA, M. & ORLÉAN, A. (2002): La monnaie: entre violence et confiance, Odile Jacob.
- AL-AMRI, R., HARYANI ZAKARIA, N., HABBAL, A. & HASSAN, S. (2019): “Cryptocurrency adoption: current stage, opportunities, and open challenges”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 9(44), 293-307. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19101/IJACR.PID43
- ALKER JR, H.R. (1969): “A typology of ecological fallacies”, Quantitative ecological analysis in the spatial science, 69-86.
- ALLEN, F., DEMIRGUC-KUNT, A., KLAPPER, L. & PERIA, M.M. (2012): “Foundations of financial inclusion”, Policy Research Working Paper, 6290
- ALLEN, F., GU, X. & JAGTIANI, J. (2022): “Fintech, cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial structural transformation in China”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 124, 102625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102625
- ALONSO, S.L.N. (2023): “Can Central Bank Digital Currencies be green and sustainable?”, Green Finance, 5(4), 603-623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/gf.2023023
- ALONSO, S.L.N., FERNÁNDEZ, M.Á.E., BAS, D.S. & RICO, C.P. (2024): “El Salvador: An analysis of the monetary integration law and the bitcoin law”, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 44(1), 189-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572024-3459
- ALVAREZ, F., ARGENTE, D. & VAN PATTEN, D. (2022): “Are cryptocurrencies currencies? Bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador”, SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4092297
- AMATO, M. & FANTACCI, L. (2020): “Complementary currencies”. In: Handbook of the History of Money and Currency, Springer, Singapore, 501-522. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0596-2_50
- AMMOUS, S. (2018): The bitcoin standard: The decentralized alternative to central banking, John Wiley & Sons.
- ARIAS-OLIVA, M., DE ANDRÉS-SÁNCHEZ, J. & PELEGRÍN-BORONDO, J. (2021): “Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of factors influencing the use of cryptocurrencies in spanish households”, Mathematics, 9(4), 324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math9040324
- AUER, R., CORNELLI, G. & FROST, J. (2020): “Rise of the central bank digital currencies: Drivers, approaches and technologies”, SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724070
- AUER, R., CORNELLI, G., DOERR, S., FROST, J. & GAMBACORTA, L. (2022): “Crypto trading and Bitcoin prices: evidence from a new database of retail adoption”, Bank for International Settlements (BIS) working papers. https://www.bis.org/publ/work1049.htm
- BECH, M.L. & GARRATT, R. (2017): “Central bank cryptocurrencies”, BIS Quarterly Review, 55-70. https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1709.pdf
- BITPANDA. (2019): Understanding Cryptocurrency Holders in Europe, Bitpanda GmbH. https://cutt.ly/Z0f7hmR
- BITPAY (2022): “Paying With Cryptocurrency: What Consumers And Merchants Expect From Digital Currencies”, PYMNTS and BitPay, https://onx.la/4ee49
- BLANC, J. (2011): “Classifying ‘CCs’: Community, complementary and local currencies’ types and generations”, International Journal of Community Currency Research, 15 (D) 4-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15133/j.ijccr.2011.013.
- BLANC, J. & FARE, M. (2012): “Les monnaies sociales en tant que dispositifs innovants : Une évaluation”, Innovations, 38(2), 67-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/inno.038.0067
- BLANC, J., FARE, M. & LAFUENTE-SAMPIETRO, O. (2022): “Local currencies for territorial development: Lessons from a national survey in France”, Regional Studies, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2022.2120974
- BRISTOL PAY (2022): “Our future vision”, Bristol Pay. https://bristolpound.org/future-vision/
- BRIXTON POUND (2022): “Brixton Pound - Local Currency has never been more needed!”, Brixton Pound. https://brixtonpound.org/
- BRYAN, M.L. & JENKINS, S.P. (2016): “Multilevel modelling of country effects: A cautionary tale”, European Sociological Review, 32(1), 3-22.
- CAKMAKYAPAN, S. & GOKTAS, A. (2013): “A comparison of binary logit and probit models with a simulation study”, Journal of Social and Economic Statistics, 2(1), 1-1.
- CALDWELL, C. (2000): “Why do people join local exchange trading systems”, International Journal of Community Currency Research, 4(1), 1-16.
- CANDELARIA PARDO, E. (2020): “MonedaPAR: Una alternativa argentina para la economía social y solidaria”, REVESCO, Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 135, e69177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/reve.69177
- CERNEV, A.K. (2019): “Mumbuca é dinheiro”, Revista Brasileira de Casos de Ensino em Administração, 9(2), 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv9n2c10
- CERNEV, A.K. & DINIZ, E.H. (2020): “Palmas para o E-Dinheiro! A Evolução Digital de uma Moeda Social Local”, Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 24(5), 487-506. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2020190390
- CLICKOIN (2023): Clickoin, The social value of the coin. https://web.clickoin.com/
- DE MIGUEL RATO, D. & PALOMAR BUENO, M.J. (2022): “Resultados de la encuesta sobre criptomonedas y efectividad de las medidas impulsadas por la CNMV”, Boletín CNMV Trimestre III, Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, 119-146. https://www.cnmv.es/DocPortal/Publicaciones/Boletin/Boletin_3T_22.pdf
- DEGENS, P. (2019): “Komplementärwährungen als Instrument der Regionalentwicklung”, Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Genossenschaftswesen, 69(2), 50-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zfgg-2019-0008
- DEMIRGÜÇ-KUNT, A., KLAPPER, L., SINGER, D. & SANSAR, S. (2022): The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19, Washington, DC: World Bank.
- DINIZ, E.H., CERNEV, A.K., RODRIGUES, D.A. & DANELUZZI, F. (2020): “Solidarity cryptocurrencies as digital community platforms”, Information Technology for Development, 27(3), 524-538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2020.1827365
- DINIZ, E.H., SIQUEIRA, E.S. & VAN HECK, E. (2018): “Taxonomy of dig�tal community currency platforms”, Information Technology for Development, 25(1), 69-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2018.1485005
- DITTMAR, L. & PRAKTIKNJO, A. (2019): “Could Bitcoin emissions push global warming above 2 °C?”, Nature Climate Change, 9(9), 656-657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0534-5
- DUTCH AUTHORITY FOR THE FINANCIAL MARKETS (AFM) (2021): AFM Consumer Monitor Autumn 2021 Section: Investors. https://cutt.ly/O0f4C20
- EDME-SANJURJO, D., FOIS-DUCLERC, M., LUNG, Y., MILANESI, J. & PINOS F. (2020): “The Eusko’s trajectory. Hypotheses to understand the success of the complementary local currency of the Northern Basque Country”, International Journal of Community Currency Research, 24, 14-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15133/j.ijccr.2020.009
- FAMA, M., FUMAGALLI, A. & LUCARELLI, S. (2019): “Cryptocurrencies, monetary policy, and new forms of monetary sovereignty”, International Journal of Political Economy, 48(2), 174-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2019.1624318
- FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY (FCA) (2021): “Research Note: Cryptoasset consumer research 2021”, Financial Conduct Authority. https://onx.la/d56f6
- FINDER (2022): “Finder cryptocurrency adoption index”, Finder. https://www.finder.com/finder-cryptocurrency-adoption-index
- FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL (FMI) (2022): The ascent of CBDCs, FMI. https://onx.la/64b4a
- FUNCAS (2022): “El grado de adopción y uso de los criptoactivos en España”, Fundación de las Cajas de Ahorros (FUNCAS), https://onx.la/8eda9
- GARCÍA-CORRAL, F.J., CORDERO-GARCÍA, J.A., DE PABLO-VALENCIANO, J. & URIBE-TORIL, J. (2022): “A bibliometric review of cryptocurrencies: How have they grown?”, Financial Innovation, 8(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00306-5
- GÓMEZ, G.M. (2018): “Why do people want currency? Institutions, habit, and bricolage in an Argentine Marketplace”, Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 15(2), 413-430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40844-018-0104-y
- GOOGLE TRENDS (2022): “Interés por región para el término “Criptomoneda”. https://onx.la/9454e
- HENRY, C.S., HUYNH, K.P. & NICHOLLS, G. (2019): “Bitcoin Awareness and Usage in Canada: An Update”, The Journal of Investing, 28(3), 21-31. DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3905/joi.2019.28.3.021
- HEREDIA MARTÍNEZ, R.M. (2021): “Proyecto lucentum Alicante”, GeoGraphos. Revista Digital para Estudiantes de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/geogra2021.12.134
- HERNÁNDEZ-BEJARANO, M. & GARCÍA MANDALONIZ, M. (2021): “El rol de la moneda y criptomoneda social en el nuevo contexto económico social y digital”, CIRIEC-España, Revista Jurídica de Economía Social y Cooperativa, 37, 283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/ciriec-jur.37.15791
- HILEMAN, G. (2014): “From bitcoin to the brixton pound: History and prospects for alternative currencies (poster abstract)”. In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 163-165. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44774-1_13
- HILL, M.T. (2022): “Building a caring, solidarity society”. In: Building a Solidarity Society, Springer International Publishing, 159-217. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07349-6_6
- HIROTA, Y. (2016): “Monedas sociales y complementarias (MSC)”, Oikonomics, 6, 35-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7238/o.n6.1605 197
- HOUY, N. (2019): “Rational mining limits Bitcoin emissions”, Nature Climate Change, 9(9), 655-655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0533-6
- ING BANK N.V. (2018): “Cryptocurrency June 2018 ING International Survey”. https://onx.la/547a9
- JIANG, S., LI, Y., LU, Q., HONG, Y., GUAN, D., XIONG, Y. & WANG, S. (2021): “Policy assessments for the carbon emission flows and sustainability of Bitcoin blockchain operation in China”, Nature Communications, 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3
- KOMMUN.ORG (2022): “Mapo (Komun.org)”, Mapo Komun.Org, https://onx.la/af56d
- KRUGMAN, P.R. & WELLS, R. (2009): Economics, Ed. Macmillan.
- KUK, G., MEYER, C. & GIAMPORCARO, S. (2023): “Complementary currencies and entrepreneurship: Sustaining micro‐entrepreneurs in Kenyan informal settlements”, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1484
- KUMHOF, M. & NOONE, C. (2021): “Central bank digital currencies - Design principles for financial stability”, Economic Analysis and Policy, 71, 553-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.06.012
- KYRIAZIS, N.A. (2020): “Is bitcoin similar to gold? An integrated overview of empirical findings”, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(5), 88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13050088
- LARA GÓMEZ, G. & DEMMLER, M. (2018): “Social currencies and cryptocurrencies: Characteristics, risks and comparative análisis”, CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 93, 265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/ciriec-e.93.10978.
- LARUE, L. (2020): “The Ecology of Money: A Critical Assessment”, Ecological Economics, 178, 106823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106823
- LEE, Y.-T., LIN, J.-J., HSU, J. Y.-J., & WU, J.-L. (2020): “A time bank system design on the basis of hyperledger fabric blockchain”, Future Internet, 12(5), 84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12050084
- LEWES POUND (2022): “The Lewes Pound”, https://www.thelewespound.org/
- LIETAER, B., KENNEDY, M.I. & ROGERS, J. (2015): El dinero de la gente: Monedas locales y soberanía económica, Icaria.
- LOPACIUK-GONCZARYK, B. (2019): “Social capital formation through a Polish LETS: Challenging the presumed merits of local currencies”, Ecological Economics, 158, 75-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.12.004
- MATTI, J. & ZHOU, Y. (2022): “Money is money: The economic impact of BerkShares”, Ecological Economics, 192, 107255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107255
- MATTSSON, C.E.S., CRISCIONE, T. & RUDDICK, W.O. (2022): “Sarafu community inclusion currency 2020-2021”, Scientific Data, 9(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01539-4
- MEYER, C. & HUDON, M. (2018): “Money and the commons: An investigation of complementary currencies and their ethical implications”, Journal of Business Ethics, 160(1), 277-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3923-1
- MORA, H., MORALES-MORALES, M.R., PUJOL-LÓPEZ, F.A. & MOLLÁ-SIRVENT, R. (2021): “Social cryptocurrencies as model for enhancing sustainable development”, Kybernetes, 50(10), 2883-2916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2020-0259
- MORENO LÓPEZ, M. & ORTIZ FERNÁNDEZ, R. (2022): “Estudio de las Monedas Sociales. Propuesta de la creación de una Moneda Social Complementaria en la provincia de Córdoba”, Revista de Administración y Dirección de Empresas, 5, 154-176.
- NÁÑEZ ALONSO, S.L., ECHARTE FERNÁNDEZ, M.Á., SANZ BAS, D. & KACZMAREK, J. (2020): “Reasons fostering or discouraging the implementation of central bank-backed digital currency: A review”, Economies, 8(2), 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies8020041
- NÁÑEZ ALONSO, S.L., JORGE-VAZQUEZ, J. & REIER FORRADELLAS, R.F. (2021a): “Central banks digital currency: Detection of optimal countries for the implementation of a CBDC and the implication for payment industry open innovation”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010072
- NÁÑEZ ALONSO, S.L., JORGE-VÁZQUEZ, J., ARROYO RODRÍGUEZ, P. & SASTRE HERNÁNDEZ, B.M. (2023): “Gender gap in the ownership and use of cryptocurrencies: Empirical evidence from Spain”, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100103
- NÁÑEZ ALONSO, S.L., JORGE-VÁZQUEZ, J., ECHARTE FERNÁNDEZ, M.Á. & REIER FORRADELLAS, R.F. (2021b): “Cryptocurrency mining from an economic and environmental perspective. Analysis of the most and least sustainable countries”, Energies, 14(14), 4254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144254
- ODEH, M.K. (2022): “The political economy of the “bitcoin” experiment in the Central Africa Republic”, SSRN Electronic Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4135879
- OLIVER SANZ, E. (2016): “Community currency (CCs) in Spain: An empirical study of their social effects”, Ecological Economics, 121, 20-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.008
- OZILI, P.K. (2022): “CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial inclusion and financial stability”, Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/dprg-04-2022-0033
- PENEDER, M. (2021): “Digitization and the evolution of money as a social technology of account”, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 32(1), 175-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-021-00729-4
- RIGO, A.S. & VENTURA, A.C. (2019): “Social currency and technology: Analysis of Brazilian social currencies and the Palmas case”, Desenvolvimento Em Questão, 17(47), 136-155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2019.47.136-155
- ROA, M.M. (2022): “Infografía: La adopción de las criptomonedas en el mundo”, Statista, https://cutt.ly/80f6jf3
- RODRÍGUEZ GÓMEZ, A. & GONZÁLEZ SANZ, S. (2018): “Las monedas locales y sociales como complementarias a las monedas oficiales: estudio de casos”, Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Solidaria e Innovación Socioecológica, 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33776/riesise.v1i0.3587
- SANDERSON, A., MUTANDWA, L. & LE ROUX, P. (2018): “A review of determinants of financial inclusion”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(3).
- SANZ BAS, D. (2020): “Hayek and the cryptocurrency revolution”, Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 7(1), 15-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/ijhe.69403
- SARMIENTO, A. (2022): “Seven lessons from the e-Peso pilot plan: The possibility of a Central Bank Digital Currency”, Latin American Journal of Central Banking, 3(2), 100062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.latcb.2022.100062
- SEYFANG, G. & LONGHURST, N. (2013): “Growing green money? Mapping community currencies for sustainable development”, Ecological Economics, 86, 65-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.11.003
- SHUBIK, M. (2014): “Simecs, Ithaca hours, berkshares, bitcoins and walmarts”, SSRN Electronic Journal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2435902
- TEZANOS, S. & ÁVILA, M. (2023): “Monedas sociales y economía circular. Sinergias, retos y oportunidades para España”, CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 108, 257-285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIEC-E.108.23879
- WENDL, M., DOAN, M.H. & SASSEN, R. (2023): “The environmental impact of cryptocurrencies using proof of work and proof of stake consensus algorithms: A systematic review”, Journal of Environmental Management, 326, 116530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116530
- WRAY, L.R. (1998): Understanding modern money: The key to full employment and price stability. Edward Elgar Publishing.
- YANG, J. & ZHOU, G. (2022): “A study on the influence mechanism of CBDC on monetary policy: An analysis based on e-CNY”, PLOS ONE, 17(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268471
- ZELLER, S. (2020): “Economic advantages of community currencies”, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(11), 271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm1311027