Desplazamiento activo al centro educativo y las influencias del entorno físico social y hábitos de estilo de vida en adolescentes españolesProtocolo del Proyecto PACO Y PACA (Pedalea y Anda al Cole y Pedalea y Anda a Casa)

  1. Pinilla-Quintana, Iván 1
  2. Martín-Moraleda, Evelyn 1
  3. Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio 1
  4. Martinez-Romero, Maria Teresa 2
  5. Dorado-Suárez, Alberto 1
  6. Romero-Blanco, Cristina 1
  7. García, María Virginia 1
  8. Cabanillas, Esther 1
  9. Mota-Utanda, María del Carmen 1
  10. Queralt, Ana 3
  11. Herrador-Colmenero, Manuel 4
  12. Casttro-Lemus, Nuria 5
  13. Santos, Maria Paula 6
  14. Chillón, Palma 4
  15. Molina-García, Javier 3
  16. Sallis, James F 7
  17. Mandic, Sandra 8
  18. Aznar, Susana 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
    info

    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

    Ciudad Real, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05r78ng12

  2. 2 Universidad de Murcia
    info

    Universidad de Murcia

    Murcia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03p3aeb86

  3. 3 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

  4. 4 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  5. 5 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

  6. 6 Universidade Do Porto
    info

    Universidade Do Porto

    Oporto, Portugal

    ROR https://ror.org/043pwc612

  7. 7 University of California System
    info

    University of California System

    Oakland, Estados Unidos

    ROR https://ror.org/00pjdza24

  8. 8 University of Tecnology, Auckland
Revista:
Journal of sport and health research

ISSN: 1989-6239

Año de publicación: 2024

Título del ejemplar: Enero - Abril

Volumen: 16

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.58727/JSHR.94961 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research

Resumen

Objetivos: Analizar los medios de desplazamiento escolar y las influencias del entorno físico y psicosocial (influencia familiar y otras influencias significativas como la de los iguales) así como la influencia de otros hábitos del estilo de vida (patrones de sueño, horas de pantallas y aspectos nutricionales) en el desplazamiento al/desde el centro educativo de adolescentes de Toledo, Granada, Sevilla y Valencia. El Proyecto PACOyPACA consiste en un estudio transversal. La muestra estuvo formada por estudiantes de 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de 4 ciudades españolas (Toledo, Granada, Valencia y Sevilla) y por sus padres. Para garantizar la representatividad de la muestra, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente centros educativos atendiendo al nivel socioeconómico (NSE) y el índice de “caminabilidad” del vecindario en el que se ubican. El proyecto PACOyPACA servirá para adquirir conciencia sobre el estado actual del desplazamiento activo al centro educativo (DACE) en la adolescencia y los posibles factores que influyen sobre él. Estos conocimientos permitirán una mejor interpretación de la situación actual y será útil para el diseño y creación de estrategias con el fin de fomentar el DACE. Dichas estrategias permitirán la creación de una guía para impulsar iniciativas utilizando el centro educativo como punto clave de la acción.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alessio, H. M.; Bassett, D. R.; Bopp, M. J.; Parr, B. B.; Patch, G. S.; Rankin, J. W.;…y Wojcik, J. R. (2021). Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Physical Inactivity: Is Active Transportation Part of the Solution? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(6), 1170-1178. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002569
  • Alessio, H. M.; Bassett, D. R.; Bopp, M. J.; Parr, B. B.; Patch, G. S.; Rankin, J. W.;…y Wojcik, J. R. (2021). Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Physical Inactivity: Is Active Transportation Part of the Solution? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 53(6), 1170-1178. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002569
  • Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; Chillón, P.; Saucedo-Araujo, R. G.; Molina-García, J.; y Huertas-Delgado, F. J. (2021). Children and Parental Barriers to Active Commuting to School: A Comparison Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052504
  • Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; Chillón, P.; Saucedo-Araujo, R. G.; Molina-García, J.; y Huertas-Delgado, F. J. (2021). Children and Parental Barriers to Active Commuting to School: A Comparison Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052504
  • Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Cardon, G.; y Chillón, P. (2020). Parental barriers to active transport to school: a systematic review. International Journal of Public Health, 65(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01313-1.
  • Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Cardon, G.; y Chillón, P. (2020). Parental barriers to active transport to school: a systematic review. International Journal of Public Health, 65(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01313-1.
  • Ayechu, A.; y Durá, T. (2010). Calidad de los hábitos alimentarios (adherencia a la dieta mediterránea) en los alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria. Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 33(1), 35-42.
  • Ayechu, A.; y Durá, T. (2010). Calidad de los hábitos alimentarios (adherencia a la dieta mediterránea) en los alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria. Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 33(1), 35-42.
  • Bere, E.; Oenema, A.; Prins, R. G.; Seiler, S.; y Brug, J. (2011). Longitudinal associations between cycling to school and weight status. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6(3‐4), 182-187.
  • Bere, E.; Oenema, A.; Prins, R. G.; Seiler, S.; y Brug, J. (2011). Longitudinal associations between cycling to school and weight status. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6(3‐4), 182-187.
  • Bull, F. C.; Al-Ansari, S. S.; Biddle, S.; Borodulin, K.; Buman, M. P.; Cardon, G.;…y Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451- 1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  • Bull, F. C.; Al-Ansari, S. S.; Biddle, S.; Borodulin, K.; Buman, M. P.; Cardon, G.;…y Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451- 1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  • Camiletti-Moirón, D.; Timperio, A.; Veitch, J.; Fernández-Santos, J. D. R.; Abbott, G.; Delgado-Alfonso, Á.;…y Castro-Piñero, J. (2020). Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: The UPyDOWN longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1-11.
  • Camiletti-Moirón, D.; Timperio, A.; Veitch, J.; Fernández-Santos, J. D. R.; Abbott, G.; Delgado-Alfonso, Á.;…y Castro-Piñero, J. (2020). Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: The UPyDOWN longitudinal study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 1-11.
  • Campos-Sánchez, F. S.; Abarca-Álvarez, F. J.; Molina-García, J.; y Chillón, P. (2020). A GIS-Based Method for Analysing the Association Between School-Built Environment and Home-School Route Measures with Active Commuting to School in Urban Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072295
  • Campos-Sánchez, F. S.; Abarca-Álvarez, F. J.; Molina-García, J.; y Chillón, P. (2020). A GIS-Based Method for Analysing the Association Between School-Built Environment and Home-School Route Measures with Active Commuting to School in Urban Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072295
  • Carver, A.; Timperio, A.; y Crawford, D. (2008). Playing it safe: The influence of neighbourhood safety on children's physical activity—A review. Health and Place, 14(2), 217-227.
  • Carver, A.; Timperio, A.; y Crawford, D. (2008). Playing it safe: The influence of neighbourhood safety on children's physical activity—A review. Health and Place, 14(2), 217-227.
  • Chillón, P.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Migueles, J. H.; Cabanas-Sánchez, V.; Fernández-Santos, J. R.; Veiga Ó, L.; y Castro-Piñero, J. (2017). Convergent validation of a questionnaire to assess the mode and frequency of commuting to and from school. Scandavian Journal of Public Health, 45(6), 612-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817718905
  • Chillón, P.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Migueles, J. H.; Cabanas-Sánchez, V.; Fernández-Santos, J. R.; Veiga Ó, L.; y Castro-Piñero, J. (2017). Convergent validation of a questionnaire to assess the mode and frequency of commuting to and from school. Scandavian Journal of Public Health, 45(6), 612-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817718905
  • Chillón, P.; Ortega, F. B.; Ruiz, J. R.; Veidebaum, T.; Oja, L.; Mäestu, J.; y Sjöström, M. (2010). Active commuting to school in children and adolescents: an opportunity to increase physical activity and fitness. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 38(8), 873-879.
  • Chillón, P.; Ortega, F. B.; Ruiz, J. R.; Veidebaum, T.; Oja, L.; Mäestu, J.; y Sjöström, M. (2010). Active commuting to school in children and adolescents: an opportunity to increase physical activity and fitness. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 38(8), 873-879.
  • Craig, C. L.; Marshall, A. L.; Sjöström, M.; Bauman, A. E.; Booth, M. L.; Ainsworth, B. E.;…y Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
  • Craig, C. L.; Marshall, A. L.; Sjöström, M.; Bauman, A. E.; Booth, M. L.; Ainsworth, B. E.;…y Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
  • Faulkner, G. E.; Buliung, R. N.; Flora, P. K.; y Fusco, C. (2009). Active school transport, physical activity levels and body weight of children and youth: a systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 3-8.
  • Faulkner, G. E.; Buliung, R. N.; Flora, P. K.; y Fusco, C. (2009). Active school transport, physical activity levels and body weight of children and youth: a systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 3-8.
  • Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Esteban-Cornejo, I.; Castro-Piñero, J.; Molina-García, J.; Queralt, A.; … y Chillón, P. (2021a). Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports, 31(4), 914-924. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13917
  • Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Esteban-Cornejo, I.; Castro-Piñero, J.; Molina-García, J.; Queralt, A.; … y Chillón, P. (2021a). Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science and Sports, 31(4), 914-924. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13917
  • Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Saucedo, R.; Campos-Garzón, P.; Aranda-Balboa, M.J.; Molina Soberanes, D.; Segura Díaz, J.M.; ... y Chillón, P. (2021b). El desplazamiento activo al centro educativo e indicadores de salud asociados: protocolo de evaluación del estudio PACO Pedalea y Anda al COlegio y su aplicación en educación secundaria. Retos, 39, 649-657.
  • Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Saucedo, R.; Campos-Garzón, P.; Aranda-Balboa, M.J.; Molina Soberanes, D.; Segura Díaz, J.M.; ... y Chillón, P. (2021b). El desplazamiento activo al centro educativo e indicadores de salud asociados: protocolo de evaluación del estudio PACO Pedalea y Anda al COlegio y su aplicación en educación secundaria. Retos, 39, 649-657.
  • García-Solano, M.; Re Saavedra, M. Á. D.; Gutiérrez González, E.; García López, A.; Villar Villalba, C.; Yusta Boyo, M. J.; y Robledo de Dios, T. (2020). Estudio ALADINO 2019 sobre Alimentación, Actividad Física, Desarrollo Infantil y Obesidad en España. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid.
  • García-Solano, M.; Re Saavedra, M. Á. D.; Gutiérrez González, E.; García López, A.; Villar Villalba, C.; Yusta Boyo, M. J.; y Robledo de Dios, T. (2020). Estudio ALADINO 2019 sobre Alimentación, Actividad Física, Desarrollo Infantil y Obesidad en España. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid.
  • Goisis, A.; Sacker, A.; y Kelly, Y. (2016). Why are poorer children at higher risk of obesity and overweight? A UK cohort study. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 7-13.
  • Goisis, A.; Sacker, A.; y Kelly, Y. (2016). Why are poorer children at higher risk of obesity and overweight? A UK cohort study. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 7-13.
  • Gómez, S.; Lorenzo, L.; Ribes, C.; y Homs, C. (2019). Resultados principales del estudio PASOS 2019 sobre la actividad física, los estilos de vida y la obesidad de la población española de 8 a 16 años. En Gasol Foundation.
  • Gómez, S.; Lorenzo, L.; Ribes, C.; y Homs, C. (2019). Resultados principales del estudio PASOS 2019 sobre la actividad física, los estilos de vida y la obesidad de la población española de 8 a 16 años. En Gasol Foundation.
  • Haapala, E. A.; Poikkeus, A. M.; Kukkone-Harjula, K.; Tompuri, T.; Lintu, N.; Väistö, J.; … y Lakka, T. A. (2014). Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with academic skills–a follow-up study among primary school children. PloS One, 9(9), e107031.
  • Haapala, E. A.; Poikkeus, A. M.; Kukkone-Harjula, K.; Tompuri, T.; Lintu, N.; Väistö, J.; … y Lakka, T. A. (2014). Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with academic skills–a follow-up study among primary school children. PloS One, 9(9), e107031.
  • Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Mertens, L.; Chillon, P.; y Van Dyck, D. (2018). Parents’ and adolescents’ perception of traffic- and crime-related safety as correlates of independent mobility among Belgian adolescents. PloS One, 13(9), e0204454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204454
  • Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Mertens, L.; Chillon, P.; y Van Dyck, D. (2018). Parents’ and adolescents’ perception of traffic- and crime-related safety as correlates of independent mobility among Belgian adolescents. PloS One, 13(9), e0204454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204454
  • Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Queralt, A.; Chillón, P.; y Molina-García, J. (2022). Associations between parental reasons for choosing a neighborhood and adolescents’ physical activity and commuting behaviors. Journal of Transport and Health, 24, 101259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101259
  • Huertas-Delgado, F. J.; Queralt, A.; Chillón, P.; y Molina-García, J. (2022). Associations between parental reasons for choosing a neighborhood and adolescents’ physical activity and commuting behaviors. Journal of Transport and Health, 24, 101259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101259
  • Idelson, P.I.; Scalfi, L.; y Valerio, G. (2017). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 27(4), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.002
  • Idelson, P.I.; Scalfi, L.; y Valerio, G. (2017). Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 27(4), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.002
  • Jiménez-García, A.; Jiménez-Zazo, F.; Mota Utanda, C.; y Aznar, S. (2020). Análisis comparativo de la condición física/salud, los niveles de actividad física y aspectos del entorno físico, en relación al tipo de transporte al centro educativo. Congreso Internacional CAPAS cité-ciudad. (p. 216-21). Huesca: Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Zaragoza.
  • Jiménez-García, A.; Jiménez-Zazo, F.; Mota Utanda, C.; y Aznar, S. (2020). Análisis comparativo de la condición física/salud, los niveles de actividad física y aspectos del entorno físico, en relación al tipo de transporte al centro educativo. Congreso Internacional CAPAS cité-ciudad. (p. 216-21). Huesca: Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Zaragoza.
  • Kalman, M.; Inchley, J.; Sigmundova, D.; Iannotti, R. J.; Tynjälä, J. A.; Hamrik, Z.; … y Bucksch, J. (2015). Secular trends in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 32 countries from 2002 to 2010: a cross-national perspective. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl_2), 37-40.
  • Kalman, M.; Inchley, J.; Sigmundova, D.; Iannotti, R. J.; Tynjälä, J. A.; Hamrik, Z.; … y Bucksch, J. (2015). Secular trends in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 32 countries from 2002 to 2010: a cross-national perspective. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl_2), 37-40.
  • Khan, A.; Mandic, S.; y Uddin, R. (2021). Association of active school commuting with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among adolescents: A global perspective from 80 countries. Journal of Science in Medicine Sport, 24(6), 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.002
  • Khan, A.; Mandic, S.; y Uddin, R. (2021). Association of active school commuting with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among adolescents: A global perspective from 80 countries. Journal of Science in Medicine Sport, 24(6), 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.12.002
  • Larouche, R.; Saunders, T. J.; Faulkner, G. E. J.; Colley, R.; y Tremblay, M. (2014). Associations between active school transport and physical activity, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness: a systematic review of 68 studies. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(1), 206-227.
  • Larouche, R.; Saunders, T. J.; Faulkner, G. E. J.; Colley, R.; y Tremblay, M. (2014). Associations between active school transport and physical activity, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness: a systematic review of 68 studies. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(1), 206-227.
  • Lu, W.; McKyer, E. L. J.; Lee, C.; Goodson, P.; Ory, M. G.; y Wang, S. (2014). Perceived barriers to children’s active commuting to school: a systematic review of empirical, methodological and theoretical evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 1-20.
  • Lu, W.; McKyer, E. L. J.; Lee, C.; Goodson, P.; Ory, M. G.; y Wang, S. (2014). Perceived barriers to children’s active commuting to school: a systematic review of empirical, methodological and theoretical evidence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 1-20.
  • Mandic, S.; García Bengoechea, E.; Hopkins, D.; Coppell, K.; y Spence, J. C. (2022). Adolescents’ perceptions of walking and cycling to school differ based on how far they live from school. Journal of Transport and Health, 24, 101316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101316
  • Mandic, S.; García Bengoechea, E.; Hopkins, D.; Coppell, K.; y Spence, J. C. (2022). Adolescents’ perceptions of walking and cycling to school differ based on how far they live from school. Journal of Transport and Health, 24, 101316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101316
  • Mandic, S.; Hopkins, D.; García-Bengoechea, E.; Moore, A.; Sandretto, S.; Coppell, K.; … y Spence, J.C. (2020). Built Environment Changes and Active Transport to School among Adolescents: BEATS Natural Experiment Study Protocol. BMJ Open, 10:e034899. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034899
  • Mandic, S.; Hopkins, D.; García-Bengoechea, E.; Moore, A.; Sandretto, S.; Coppell, K.; … y Spence, J.C. (2020). Built Environment Changes and Active Transport to School among Adolescents: BEATS Natural Experiment Study Protocol. BMJ Open, 10:e034899. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034899
  • Mandic, S.; Williams, J.; Moore, A.; Hopkins, D.; Flaherty, C.; Wilson, G.; … y Spence, J. C. (2016). Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) Study: protocol for a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(5), e011196. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen2016-011196
  • Mandic, S.; Williams, J.; Moore, A.; Hopkins, D.; Flaherty, C.; Wilson, G.; … y Spence, J. C. (2016). Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) Study: protocol for a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(5), e011196. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen2016-011196
  • Martínez, J. M. (2016). La escuela española ante las recomendaciones internacionales de práctica de actividad física: análisis del efecto de las clases de educación física, el recreo y el transporte activo. Tesis Doctoral: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
  • Martínez, J. M. (2016). La escuela española ante las recomendaciones internacionales de práctica de actividad física: análisis del efecto de las clases de educación física, el recreo y el transporte activo. Tesis Doctoral: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
  • Martínez-Gómez, D.; Ruiz, J. R.; Gómez-Martínez, S.; Chillón, P.; Rey-López, J. P.; Díaz, L. E.; … y Group, A. S. (2011a). Active commuting to school and cognitive performance in adolescents: the AVENA study. Archives of Pediatrics y Adolescent Medicine, 165(4), 300-305.
  • Martínez-Gómez, D.; Ruiz, J. R.; Gómez-Martínez, S.; Chillón, P.; Rey-López, J. P.; Díaz, L. E.; … y Group, A. S. (2011a). Active commuting to school and cognitive performance in adolescents: the AVENA study. Archives of Pediatrics y Adolescent Medicine, 165(4), 300-305.
  • Martínez-Gómez, D.; Veiga, O. L.; Gomez-Martinez, S.; Zapatera, B.; Calle, M. E.; y Marcos, A. (2011b). Behavioural correlates of active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS (physical activity as a preventive measure against overweight, obesity, infections, allergies, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents) study. Public Health Nutrition, 14(10), 1779-1786.
  • Martínez-Gómez, D.; Veiga, O. L.; Gomez-Martinez, S.; Zapatera, B.; Calle, M. E.; y Marcos, A. (2011b). Behavioural correlates of active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS (physical activity as a preventive measure against overweight, obesity, infections, allergies, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents) study. Public Health Nutrition, 14(10), 1779-1786.
  • Milton, K.; Cavill, N.; Chalkley, A.; Foster, C.; Gomersall, S.; Hagstromer, M.; … y Schipperijn, J. (2021). Eight Investments That Work for Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(6), 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0112
  • Milton, K.; Cavill, N.; Chalkley, A.; Foster, C.; Gomersall, S.; Hagstromer, M.; … y Schipperijn, J. (2021). Eight Investments That Work for Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(6), 625-630. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0112
  • Molina-García, J.; Campos, S.; García-Massó, X.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Molina-Soberanes, D.; … y Chillón, P. (2020). Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01028-0
  • Molina-García, J.; Campos, S.; García-Massó, X.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Gálvez-Fernández, P.; Molina-Soberanes, D.; … y Chillón, P. (2020). Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01028-0
  • Molina-García, J.; Queralt, A.; Adams, M. A.; Conway, T. L.; y Sallis, J. F. (2017). Neighborhood built environment and socioeconomic status in relation to multiple health outcomes in adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 105, 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.026
  • Molina-García, J.; Queralt, A.; Adams, M. A.; Conway, T. L.; y Sallis, J. F. (2017). Neighborhood built environment and socioeconomic status in relation to multiple health outcomes in adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 105, 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.026
  • Montil- Jiménez, M. (2004). Determinantes de la conducta de actividad física en población infantil. Tesis Doctoral: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  • Montil- Jiménez, M. (2004). Determinantes de la conducta de actividad física en población infantil. Tesis Doctoral: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  • Owens, J. A.; y Dalzell, V. (2005). Use of the 'BEARS' sleep screening tool in a pediatric residents' continuity clinic: a pilot study. Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.07.015
  • Owens, J. A.; y Dalzell, V. (2005). Use of the 'BEARS' sleep screening tool in a pediatric residents' continuity clinic: a pilot study. Sleep Medicine, 6(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.07.015
  • Pabayo, R. A.; Gauvin, L.; Barnett, T. A.; Morency, P.; Nikiéma, B.; y Séguin, L. (2012). Understanding the determinants of active transportation to school among children: evidence of environmental injustice from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Health y Place, 18(2), 163-171.
  • Pabayo, R. A.; Gauvin, L.; Barnett, T. A.; Morency, P.; Nikiéma, B.; y Séguin, L. (2012). Understanding the determinants of active transportation to school among children: evidence of environmental injustice from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Health y Place, 18(2), 163-171.
  • Pocock, T.; Moore, A.; Keall, M.; y Mandic, S. (2019). Physical and spatial assessment of school neighbourhood built environments for active transport to school in adolescents from Dunedin (New Zealand). Health Place, 55, 1- 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.10.003
  • Pocock, T.; Moore, A.; Keall, M.; y Mandic, S. (2019). Physical and spatial assessment of school neighbourhood built environments for active transport to school in adolescents from Dunedin (New Zealand). Health Place, 55, 1- 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.10.003
  • Poitras, V. J.; Gray, C. E.; Borghese, M. M.; Carson, V.; Chaput, J. P.; Janssen, I.; … y Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6 Suppl 3), S197-239. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0663
  • Poitras, V. J.; Gray, C. E.; Borghese, M. M.; Carson, V.; Chaput, J. P.; Janssen, I.; … y Tremblay, M. S. (2016). Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6 Suppl 3), S197-239. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0663
  • Rahman, M. L.; Moore, A.; Smith, M.; Lieswyn, J.; y Mandic, S. (2020). A Conceptual Framework for Modelling Safe Walking and Cycling Routes to High Schools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093318
  • Rahman, M. L.; Moore, A.; Smith, M.; Lieswyn, J.; y Mandic, S. (2020). A Conceptual Framework for Modelling Safe Walking and Cycling Routes to High Schools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093318
  • Ramírez-Vélez, R.; García-Hermoso, A.; Agostinis-Sobrinho, C.; Mota, J., Santos, R.; Correa-Bautista, J. E.; … y Villa-González, E. (2017). Cycling to school and body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 188, 57-63.
  • Ramírez-Vélez, R.; García-Hermoso, A.; Agostinis-Sobrinho, C.; Mota, J., Santos, R.; Correa-Bautista, J. E.; … y Villa-González, E. (2017). Cycling to school and body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics, 188, 57-63.
  • Rissel, C. E. (2009). Active travel: a climate change mitigation strategy with co-benefits for health. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 20(2), 10-13.
  • Rissel, C. E. (2009). Active travel: a climate change mitigation strategy with co-benefits for health. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin, 20(2), 10-13.
  • Rodríguez-López, C.; Salas-Fariña, Z. M.; Villa-González, E.; Borges-Cosic, M.; Herrador-Colmenero, M., Medina-Casaubón, J., Ortega, F. B., y Chillón, P. (2017, Dec). The Threshold Distance Associated With Walking From Home to School. Health Education Behavior, 44(6), 857-866. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198116688429
  • Rodríguez-López, C.; Salas-Fariña, Z. M.; Villa-González, E.; Borges-Cosic, M.; Herrador-Colmenero, M., Medina-Casaubón, J., Ortega, F. B., y Chillón, P. (2017, Dec). The Threshold Distance Associated With Walking From Home to School. Health Education Behavior, 44(6), 857-866. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198116688429
  • Rodríguez-López, C.; Villa-González, E.; Pérez-López, I. J.; Delgado-Fernández, M.; Ruiz, J. R.; y Chillón, P. (2013). Los factores familiares influyen en el desplazamiento activo al colegio de los niños españoles. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 28(3), 756-763.
  • Rodríguez-López, C.; Villa-González, E.; Pérez-López, I. J.; Delgado-Fernández, M.; Ruiz, J. R.; y Chillón, P. (2013). Los factores familiares influyen en el desplazamiento activo al colegio de los niños españoles. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 28(3), 756-763.
  • Roman-Viñas, B.; Zazo, F.; Martínez-Martínez, J.; Aznar-Laín, S.; y Serra-Majem, L. (2018). Results From Spain's 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(S2), S411-s412. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0464
  • Roman-Viñas, B.; Zazo, F.; Martínez-Martínez, J.; Aznar-Laín, S.; y Serra-Majem, L. (2018). Results From Spain's 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(S2), S411-s412. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0464
  • Rothman, L.; Macpherson, A. K.; Ross, T.; y Buliung, R. N. (2018). The decline in active school transportation (AST): A systematic review of the factors related to AST and changes in school transport over time in North America. Preventive Medicine, 111, 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.018
  • Rothman, L.; Macpherson, A. K.; Ross, T.; y Buliung, R. N. (2018). The decline in active school transportation (AST): A systematic review of the factors related to AST and changes in school transport over time in North America. Preventive Medicine, 111, 314-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.11.018
  • Ruiz-Ariza, A.; Manuel, J.; Redecillas-Peiró, M. T.; y Martínez-López, E. J. (2015). Influencia del desplazamiento activo sobre la felicidad, el bienestar, la angustia psicológica y la imagen corporal en adolescentes. Gaceta Sanitaria, 29(6), 454-457.
  • Ruiz-Ariza, A.; Manuel, J.; Redecillas-Peiró, M. T.; y Martínez-López, E. J. (2015). Influencia del desplazamiento activo sobre la felicidad, el bienestar, la angustia psicológica y la imagen corporal en adolescentes. Gaceta Sanitaria, 29(6), 454-457.
  • Sarmiento, O.; Lemoine, P.; Gonzalez, S.; Broyles, S.; Denstel, K.; Larouche, R.; … y Fogelholm, M. (2015). Relationships between active school transport and adiposity indicators in school-age children from low-, middle-and high-income countries. International Journal of Obesity Supplements, 5(2), S107-S114.
  • Sarmiento, O.; Lemoine, P.; Gonzalez, S.; Broyles, S.; Denstel, K.; Larouche, R.; … y Fogelholm, M. (2015). Relationships between active school transport and adiposity indicators in school-age children from low-, middle-and high-income countries. International Journal of Obesity Supplements, 5(2), S107-S114.
  • Segura-Díaz, J. M.; Rojas-Jiménez, Á.; Barranco-Ruiz, Y.; Murillo-Pardo, B.; Saucedo-Araujo, R. G.; Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; … y Chillón, P. (2020). Feasibility and Reliability of a Questionnaire to Assess the Mode, Frequency, Distance and Time of Commuting to and from School: The PACO Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145039
  • Segura-Díaz, J. M.; Rojas-Jiménez, Á.; Barranco-Ruiz, Y.; Murillo-Pardo, B.; Saucedo-Araujo, R. G.; Aranda-Balboa, M. J.; … y Chillón, P. (2020). Feasibility and Reliability of a Questionnaire to Assess the Mode, Frequency, Distance and Time of Commuting to and from School: The PACO Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145039
  • Silva, A. A. P.; Fermino, R. C.; Souza, C. A.; Lima, A. V.; Rodriguez-Añez, C. R.; y Reis, R. S. (2018). Socioeconomic status moderates the association between perceived environment and active commuting to school. Revista de Saude Publica, 52, 93.
  • Silva, A. A. P.; Fermino, R. C.; Souza, C. A.; Lima, A. V.; Rodriguez-Añez, C. R.; y Reis, R. S. (2018). Socioeconomic status moderates the association between perceived environment and active commuting to school. Revista de Saude Publica, 52, 93.
  • Štefan, L.; Prosoli, R.; Juranko, D.; Čule, M.; Milinović, I.; Novak, D.; y Sporiš, G. (2017). The Reliability of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) Questionnaire. Nutrients, 9(4), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040419
  • Štefan, L.; Prosoli, R.; Juranko, D.; Čule, M.; Milinović, I.; Novak, D.; y Sporiš, G. (2017). The Reliability of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) Questionnaire. Nutrients, 9(4), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040419
  • White, B.; Bengoechea, E. G.; Spence, J. C.; Coppell, K. J.; y Mandic, S. (2021). Comparison of physical activity patterns across large, medium and small urban areas and rural settings in the Otago Region, New Zealand. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1534), 51-65.
  • White, B.; Bengoechea, E. G.; Spence, J. C.; Coppell, K. J.; y Mandic, S. (2021). Comparison of physical activity patterns across large, medium and small urban areas and rural settings in the Otago Region, New Zealand. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1534), 51-65.
  • Wong, B. Y.; Faulkner, G.; y Buliung, R. (2011). GIS measured environmental correlates of active school transport: a systematic review of 14 studies. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-39
  • Wong, B. Y.; Faulkner, G.; y Buliung, R. (2011). GIS measured environmental correlates of active school transport: a systematic review of 14 studies. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-39
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization. (2019). Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization.