Combined palaeoecological methods using small-mammal assemblages to decipher environmental context of a long-term Neanderthal settlement in northeastern Iberia

  1. Fernández García, Mónica
  2. López García, Juan Manuel 25
  3. Royer, Aurélien 3
  4. Lécuyer, Christophe 6
  5. Allué, Ethel 12
  6. Burjachs i Casas, Francesc 12
  7. Chacón Navarro, Maria Gema 1
  8. Saladié i Ballesté, Palmira 124
  9. Vallverdú Poch, Josep 12
  10. Carbonell Roura, Eudald 127
  1. 1 Universitat Rovira i Virgili
    info

    Universitat Rovira i Virgili

    Tarragona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/00g5sqv46

  2. 2 Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social
    info

    Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social

    Tarragona, España

  3. 3 Université de Bourgogne (UB)
  4. 4 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
  5. 5 University of Ferrara
    info

    University of Ferrara

    Ferrara, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/041zkgm14

  6. 6 Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
    info

    Claude Bernard University Lyon 1

    Villeurbanne, Francia

    ROR https://ror.org/029brtt94

  7. 7 Associació Arqueològica de Girona
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Revista:
Quaternary Science Reviews

ISSN: 0277-3791,  1873-457X

Any de publicació: 2020

Volum: 228

Pàgines: 106072

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.1016/J.QUASCIREV.2019.106072 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Quaternary Science Reviews

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

Recurrent long- and short-term Neanderthal occupations occurred in the Abric Romaní rock shelter (Capellades, Barcelona, Spain) for more than 20,000 years. This provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the evolution of behavioral strategies of these human groups. The site has a long and high-resolution sequence with 17 levels completely excavated, 13 of which are presented in this work, from D to Q; ca. 40–60 ka. These levels have generated extensive research concerning Neanderthal hunting strategies, lithic production, and fire technology. Here is presented the evolution of palaeoenvironment under which these populations lived applying different methods of palaeoecological reconstruction based on small-mammal remains along the entire sequence. The study is completed with taphonomic analyses that locate the primary origin of their accumulation under the action of owls and describe a past humid fossiliferous microenvironment where intense human occupation occurred. Oxygen isotope analyses were performed on rodent incisors from the richest levels (D, E, N and O), in order to reconstruct the past air temperatures. The medium to low intra-level ranges of oxygen isotopic values indicate a period of preferential accumulation moment of small mammals, which is likely related to spring-summer predator activity. Throughout the sequence, the landscape evolution is marked by an extended forestall cover and abundant water resources, both integrated in a patchy landscape. Climatic conditions were globally cooler and slightly wetter than present, but rather stable across the sequence. The greater relative presence of mid-European small-mammal species and the estimated lower palaeotemperatures correspond to relatively cooler episodes, such as stadial events, in levels E and O. However, certain discrepancies in palaeotemperature estimations are detected between oxygen isotopic analyses and other methods based on species occurrence. Northeastern Iberia environmental conditions related to Mediterranean climate provide a favorable MIS 3 scenario compared to European higher latitudes. Indeed, the milder glacial fluctuations detected within the Abric Romaní site are coeval to other Iberian Middle Palaeolithic sites with long-term occupations and allow these human groups to incorporate this region for millennia in their migration routes.

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