Descripción de estilos de vida, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y efectividad de un programa de reducción del consumo de alcohol y drogas basado en modelos integrales, para mejorar la salud de las personas trabajadoras, en el entorno laboral

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The workplace is suitable for achieving healthy lifestyles, due to promoting the health of employees, and the comprehensive programs derived from health monitoring and health promotion are a challenge. METHODS 2 studies were carried out: - 1: Nonrandomized single group intervention, with two phases for reducing the risky alcohol and other drugs consumption. A total of 1103 workers participated, and each received 5 h of awareness training. Those who presented with risky consumption received secondary prevention training. - 2: Transversal assessment of the association between occupational physical activity (difference in >3 METs and <3 METs) and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Study 1: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption decreased by 4.1% (baseline: 14.7% reduced to 10.6% in the first year; p = 0.001), a reduction that was maintained over a 3-year follow-up period. Study 2: The intensity of occupational physical activity was associated, inversely and significantly, in weight, BMI, waist, and waist-hip ratio, and cholesterol values in total and male populations. Consequently, OPA intensity was also inversely related in these populations with the rate of overweight plus obesity, with diabetes mellitus in males, and with dyslipidemia in the total population and both genders. CONCLUSION The workplace is suitable for implementing a comprehensive health program and the efficacy to reduce risky alcohol and other drug consumption was demonstrated. On the other hand, high intensity of occupational physical activity is significantly associated with more adequate values of cardiovascular risk factors, especially in men. Keywords: workplace, occupational physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, drug consum prevention, comprehensive health program, healthy workplace.