Epidemiología y factores de riesgo en chicas jóvenes deportistas: baloncesto, fútbol y voleibol

  1. Javier Peña
  2. Beatriz Gil-Puga
  3. Aitor Piedra
  4. Albert Altarriba-Bartés
  5. Eduard Loscos-Fàbregas
  6. Iván Chulvi-Medrano
  7. Martí Casals
  8. Antonio García de Alcaraz
Revista:
Apunts: Educación física y deportes

ISSN: 2014-0983

Año de publicación: 2023

Número: 152

Páginas: 1-12

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Apunts: Educación física y deportes

Resumen

Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar el perfil epidemiológico de jóvenes deportistas de categoría femenina de Cataluña (España) practicantes de deportes de equipo y analizar los factores de riesgo sobre dichas lesiones. Un total de 1,235 adolescentes (15 ± 2.4 años) pertenecientes a 168 equipos de 17 clubes (n = 8 de baloncesto, n = 3 de fútbol, y n = 6 de voleibol) participaron en el estudio. Se estableció un diseño de carácter descriptivo y retrospectivo, analizando el porcentaje y la tasa de incidencia de lesiones, el tipo de lesión, la zona del cuerpo, el diagnóstico, la severidad, el mecanismo y la situación en la que esta se produjo. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión logística binaria (p < .05) para conocer asociaciones entre factores, deportes y lesiones. Los resultados indicaron un mayor porcentaje de jugadoras lesionadas en baloncesto y fútbol, siendo más frecuente la lesión aguda, en los miembros inferiores, de larga duración, en ausencia de contacto y en situación de entrenamiento. El voleibol fue el deporte con menor probabilidad de lesión, aunque esta aumenta si no se practica un segundo deporte. Estos hallazgos sirven para establecer estrategias que adapten el entorno deportivo al desarrollo y las características de las jóvenes deportistas, favoreciendo su adherencia y asegurando la salud de las participantes.

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