Atmospheric compensation experiments on free-space optical coherent communication systems

Resumo

In the last years free-space optical communications systems for wireless links have been proposed, studied, and implemented mainly due to the higher bandwidth that this technology is able to provide. Still, radio frequency (RF) systems have been maintained in practical wireless communications systems due to the improvement of the microwave sources and the development of high speed electronics. Nowadays the circumstances are changing as a consequence of the increasing data-rate needed in terrestrial and outer space communications. The shift from RF systems to optical communication systems in the free space applications provide a wide set of advantageous characteristics that are motivating the use of these optical technologies in detriment of the RF systems. One of the key reasons is the advantage of working with optical wavelengths in compare to the RF spectral band. As well as the already mentioned increase in the available bandwidth due to the fact that higher optical frequencies directly mean wider bandwidths, the use of optical frequencies lead to a better performance in terms of the received power: for equal antenna sizes the received signal goes inversely as the square of the wavelength. Of the most interest, recent coherent optical communication systems address modulation and detection techniques for high spectral efficiency and robustness against transmission impairments. Coherent detection is an advanced detection technique for achieving high spectral efficiency and maximizing power or signal-to-noise (SNR) efficiency, as symbol decisions are made using the in-phase and quadrature signals, allowing information to be encoded in all the available degrees of freedom. In this context, the effects of Earth's atmosphere must be taken into account. Turbulenceinduced wavefront distortions affect the transmitted beam responsible for deterioration of the link bit error rate (BER). The use of adaptive optics to mitigate turbulence-induced phase fluctuations in links employing coherent (synchronous) detection is poised to reduce performance penalties enabling a more capable next generation of free-space optical communications. In this work, we describe the implementation of a free space optical coherent communication system using QPSK modulation and heterodyne downconvertion that uses adaptive optics techniques and digital signal processing to mitigate turbulenceinduced phase fluctuations and channel impairments in coherent receivers. A new method for generating atmospheric turbulence based on binary computer generated holography (BCGH) using binary arrays is presented and its performance is evaluated. The feasibility of FSO coherent systems working with adaptive optics is demonstrated and the system performance in terms of the BER is experimentally evaluated under the influence of atmospheric turbulence. The resulting system performance is compared against the theoretical models. The viability of the approach to improve the system efficiency and sensitivity of coherent receivers is experimentally demonstrated.