Nausícaa y el episodio de los feaciosde Homero a la literatura contemporánea

Resumen

The aim of this work is the analysis of the figure of Nausicaa and the episode of the Phaeacians in the Odyssey and their afterlife in the literary tradition. The Phaeacians constitute the last stage of Odysseus' travels and an essential part of the Homeric poem from the narrative point of view, since the episode functions as a framework for the hero's report of his wanderings. The character of Nausicaa, protagonist of the scene of the encounter with the hero, is of great importance in the episode and has generated large interest in the literary reception of the poem. The objective of the work is to analyze the variations in the treatment of the character and the episode in different periods, genres and literary currents, carrying out a panoramic and diachronic tour, based on a detailed analysis of the text in the Odyssey. This will provide an overview on the tradition of the character and the episode throughout the literary tradition. To meet these objectives, we use a methodology that combines the analysis procedures of comparative studies – G. Genette's contribution to the field of intertextuality has been extremely important in our research – with the direct philological study of the texts. The whole of the work is organized, in general, following a chronological criterion. The reworkings of contemporary times are divided into blocks according to the literary genre: theatrical, narrative or lyrical. We can group the set of texts of the tradition into three types, according to the degree of approach to the episode: reworkings, evocations and mentions. The majority of the mentions show the representation of the Phaeacians and Nausicaa that has transcended in the literary imaginary: the people of Alcinous are usually linked to hedonism and the young princess is mentioned frequently with moralizing intentions, to reprove or praise her behavior. The evocations, on the other hand, show the scenes and compositional elements that have had more success in the tradition and their versatility in adapting to contexts other than Homeric: Odysseus' supplicant speech and the farewell of the young girl and the hero are usually evoked. On many occasions, the context of the allusion occurs in a structural framework that shares with the Homeric text the folkloric motif of the arrival of the foreign hero at the court of a king: this is the case, for example, of the Argonautics of Apollonius, the Achilleis of Statius or the Télémaque of Fénelon. Finally, the reworkings bring together a wide sample of intertextual reinterpretations of the episode: the texts by Joan Maragall and Antonio Gala are an example of dramatization of the epic text and the stories by Jules Lemaître are a model of the proleptic continuation of the Odyssey. The most complex example from an intertextual point of view is Graves's Homer’s Daughter, that presents the young woman as the author of the Odyssey. The main themes in the rewritings of the Phaeacian theme are hospitality, marriage and amorous awakening. It is remarkable, in relation to marriage, the recurrence of the motif of the union between Telemachus and Nausicaa, taken up by Dictis and used in various contemporary reworkings, such as the Odyssey by Kazantzakis. Finally, the character of Nausicaa usually follows the Homeric model of feminine virtue and modesty, although sometimes there is a clear break with the Homeric character, as is the case of Gala or Joyce, who present us with a much more irreverent young woman.