Atención temprana desde una perspectiva educativaanálisis de la población atendida por un equipo de orientación educativa y psicopedagogía (de atención temprana)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Early intervention is the set of actions aimed at prevention and intervention, aimed at children and their families who present a risk or a problem in their development, from an educational, health or social perspective. The educational and psychological orientations team of early intervention number two (EIT-2) from Murcia, which depends on the Ministry of Education and Universities of the Autonomous Community of Murcia, consists of the following professional profiles: psychologist, educator, social worker, speech therapist and physiotherapist. It develops various programs serving children who may have various problems during their development, with their families, in the early years of life. Regarding the objective, they have been proposed two lines: first, knowing the characteristics of this population (treaty by EIT) and, secondly, finding out if there are indicators of the effectiveness of the intervention on the population studied. In this research it was developed a descriptive, cross-sectional, with a sample of 301 children who were attending various programs developed by the EIT-2 in Murcia. In order to reach those objectives, it have collected any data which were considered relevant, from the records which are kept by the EIT. After the recompilation, this information has been processed using the statistical package, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) and the results have been analyzed. In this research, we can see two parts: first of them, a descriptive, where they have been analyzed the peculiarities of the sample, and another quasi-experimental. In relation to the first part of this research stand out the next data: the average age of onset of interventions is around of 18 months. About the services which derived more children to EIT-2 , the compiled information shows that health services are sending a large number of families, especially the health centers and Neonatology Service. The main motivation for families to take their children to the service is the possibility that they could present a developmental delay. In more than half of children (56%) biohazard situation is observed, while another highlight of subjects (37.4%) presents an obvious pathology, risk factors observed are social and environmental. Once the children and their families have been evaluated, the EIT defined the needs presented, and derived more than half of the caseload (55.1%) to other services, mostly child development centers and early intervention. Regarding schooling in the first cycle of Schoolar Education (0-3), 47.1% are schooled in private schools, 39% in public schools, while 13.9% do not attend any school at this stage. About the second cycle of scholar education (3-6 years) the research shows that the majority of children treated at the EIT are schooled in ordinary schools, although 37.3% of these subjects require some support (speech therapy, physical therapy, and so on). Regarding the second part of the study, it is found that all subjects evolve positively, although, it has been showed most progress in the intellectual performance than in the motor skills, especially in children who are not considerably affected. Children who have a developmental delay in their initial evaluation, evolve faster than the rest, and when EIT makes a last evaluation they have a similar results to those with any risk factors at the start of the intervention. The results also seem to point in the direction of those schoolchildren earliest, can reap greater benefits in its development. In short, the results may indicate that the early detection and prevention, in line Prevention Program developed by the EIT-2 in Murcia, could be effective in achieving in the children served, a comparable developmental levels the average of the population (age group) and a "normalized" schooling in the second cycle of scholar education (3-6 years).