Communication and crisis in the public spaceDissolution and uncertainty
-
1
Universitat de València
info
ISSN: 1386-6710, 1699-2407
Año de publicación: 2022
Título del ejemplar: Crisis en el espacio público
Volumen: 31
Número: 3
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: El profesional de la información
Resumen
The evolution from a public space such as the one defined throughout the twentieth century –characterised by unidirectionality and political and media intermediation– towards a digital scenario –with multiple actors and multi-directional messages– has not resolved the problems that existed beforehand, and has also generated others. This public space crisis has been aggravated by the fragmentation of audiences, often absorbed into their own echo chamber, and by the dispersion and jumble of voices that are an impediment to any possibility of unravelling the terms of public debate. Faced with enormous challenges such as disinformation, the conventional media, who have traditionally held the responsibility of providing quality information, address these issues from a position of extreme vulnerability, due to the disintegration of the former economic model and social credibility. In a context of uncertainty, crisis, and fragmented public spheres, and there being no alternatives that can guarantee distinct dialogue, the initiation of a social debate that prioritises quality of information is essential.
Información de financiación
Este artículo se inscribe en el marco del proyecto de I+D “Flujos de desinformación, polarización y crisis de la in-termediación mediática”; (referencia PID2020-113574RB-I00), financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (2021-2024).El artículo fue desarrollado a partir de la participación de sus autores en el congreso ‘Democracias frágiles: polarización, populismo y desinformación en un contexto mediático híbrido’, financiado por la Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitat, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana (Referencia: AORG/2020/054)Financiadores
-
Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitat, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
Spain
- AORG/2020/054
-
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Spain
- PID2020-113574RB-I00
Referencias bibliográficas
- Aldridge, Meryl; Evetts, Julia (2003). “Rethinking the concept of professionalism: the case of journalism”. British journal of sociology, v. 54, n. 4, pp. 547-564. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007131032000143582
- Allan, Stuart (ed.) (2009). The Routledge companion to news and journalism. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN: 978 0 415669535
- Allcott, Hunt; Gentzkow, Matthew (2017). “Social media and fake news in the 2016 election”. Journal of economic perspectives, v. 31, n. 2, pp. 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211
- Anderson, Charles W.; Bell, Emily; Shirky, Clay (2014). Post-industrial journalism: adapting to the present. New York: Columbia Journalism School. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8N01JS7
- APM (2020). Informe anual de la profesión periodística 2020. Madrid: Asociación de la prensa de Madrid. https://www.apmadrid.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Informe-Anual-profesion-periodistica-APM-2020-web.pdf
- Barrera, Oscar; Guriev, Serge; Henry, Emeric; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina (2020). “Facts, alternative facts, and fact checking in times of post-truth politics”. Journal of public economics, v. 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.104123
- Bechmann, Anja (2020). “Tackling disinformation and infodemics demands media policy changes”. Digital journalism, v. 8, n. 6, pp. 855-863. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773887
- Bennett, Lance; Livingston, Steven (2018). “The disinformation order: Disruptive communication and the decline of democratic institutions”. European journal of communication, v. 33, n. 2, pp. 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118760317
- Bennett, Lance; Pfetsch, Barbara (2018). “Rethinking political communication in a time of disrupted public spheres”. Journal of communication, v. 68, n. 2. pp. 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx017
- Bimber, Bruce; Gil de Zúñiga, Homero (2020). “The unedited public sphere”. New media & society, v. 22, n. 4, pp. 700-715. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893980
- Blanco-Herrero, David; Arcila-Calderón, Carlos (2019). “Deontología y noticias falsas: estudio de las percepciones de periodistas españoles”. Profesional de la información, v. 28, n. 3. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.08
- Bovet, Alexandre; Makse, Hernán A. (2019). “Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election”. Nature communications, v. 10, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2
- Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2014). “La pérdida de valor de la información periodística: causas y consecuencias”. Anuario ThinkEPI, v. 8, pp. 256-259. https://thinkepi.profesionaldelainformacion.com/index.php/ThinkEPI/article/view/29589/15696
- Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2016). “Introducción”. In: Casero-Ripollés, A. (coord.) Periodismo y democracia en el entorno digital. Salamanca: Sociedad Española de Periodística, pp. 11-16. ISBN: 978 84 606 6945 6
- Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2018). “Research on political information and social media: Key points and challenges for the future”. Profesional de la información, v. 27, n. 5, pp. 964-974. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.sep.01
- Castells, Manuel (2009). Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. ISBN: 978 84 20684994
- Cervi, Laura; Carrillo-Andrade, Andrea (2019). “Post-truth and disinformation: Using discourse analysis to understand the creation of emotional and rival narratives in Brexit”. ComHumanitas: revista científica de comunicación, v. 10, n. 2, pp. 125-149. https://doi.org/10.31207/rch.v10i2.207
- Chadwick, Andrew (2013). The hybrid media system. Politics and power. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 190696733
- Costera-Meijer, Irene (2022). “What is valuable journalism? Three key experiences and their challenges for journalism scholars and practitioners”. Digital journalism, v. 10, n. 2, pp. 230-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1919537
- Costera-Meijer, Irene; Bijleveld, Hildebrand P. (2016). “Valuable journalism: Measuring news quality from a user’s perspective”. Journalism studies, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 827-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1175963
- Currah, Andrew (2009). What’s happening to our news: An investigation into the likely impact of the digital revolution on the economics of news publishing in the UK. Oxford: Reuters Institute. https://bit.ly/3wlET1t
- Curran, James (2010). “The future of journalism”. Journalism studies, v. 11, n. 4, pp. 464-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616701003722444
- Dahlgren, Peter (2005). “The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation”. Political communication, v. 22, n. 2, pp. 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600590933160
- De-Peuter, Greig (2011). “Creative economy and labor precarity: A contested convergence”. Journal of communication inquiry, v. 35, n. 4, pp. 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859911416362
- Deuze, Mark; Witschge, Tamara (2018). “Beyond journalism: Theorizing the transformation of journalism”. Journalism, v. 19, n. 2, pp. 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916688550
- Edelman Trust Barometer (2021). 21st Annual Edelman trust barometer. http://bitly.ws/bZ6G
- Escolar, Arsenio (2015). “Un nuevo virus agrava aún más el periodismo declarativo”. Cuadernos de periodistas, v. 30, pp. 105-107. https://bit.ly/3PvATTU
- European Commission (2018). A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation: Report of the independent high level group on fake news and online disinformation. http://bitly.ws/qcbv
- Ferrer-Conill, Raúl (2016). “Camouflaging church as State: An exploratory study of journalism’s native advertising”. Journalism studies, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 904-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1165138
- Franklin, Bob (2014). “The future of journalism: In an age of digital media and economic uncertainty”. Journalism studies, v. 15, n. 5, pp. 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.930254
- Freelon, Deen; Wells, Chris (2020). “Disinformation as political communication”. Political communication, v. 37, n. 2, pp. 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755
- Garcia, José-Luis; Matos, José-Nuno; Alcântara-da-Silva, Pedro (2021). “Jornalismo em estado de emergência: uma análise dos efeitos da pandemia Covid-19 nas relações de emprego dos jornalistas”. Comunicação e sociedade, v. 39, pp. 269-285. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.39(2021).3177
- Gómez-Mompart, Josep-Lluís; Gutiérrez-Lozano, Juan-Francisco; Palau-Sampio, Dolors (2015). “Los periodistas españoles y la pérdida de la calidad de la información: el juicio profesional”. Comunicar, v. 45, pp. 143-150. https://doi.org/10.3916/C45-2015-15
- Gómez-Mompart, Josep-Lluís; Palau-Sampio, Dolors (2013). “El reto de la excelencia: indicadores para medir la calidad periodística”. In: Gómez-Mompart, Josep Ll.; Gutiérrez-Lozano, Juan F.; Palau-Sampio, Dolors (eds.). La calidad periodística. Teorías, investigaciones y sugerencias profesionales. Barcelona/Castelló/València: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, pp. 17-38. ISBN: 978 84 80219006
- Goyanes, Manuel; Rodríguez-Castro, Marta (2019). “Commercial pressures in Spanish newsrooms: Between love, struggle and resistance.” Journalism studies, v. 20, n. 8, pp. 1088-1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1487801
- Gutiérrez-Coba, Liliana. (2006). “Análisis de la calidad informativa, primer paso hacia el cambio”. Palabra-clave, v. 9, n. 1. https://palabraclave.unisabana.edu.co/index.php/palabraclave/article/view/1227
- Habermas, Jürgen (1997). Historia y crítica de la opinión pública. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. ISBN: 978 84 25220159
- Habermas, Jürgen (1998). Facticidad y validez. Madrid: Trotta. ISBN: 978 84 8164 151 6
- Habermas, Jürgen (1999a). Teoría de la acción comunicativa (I). Racionalidad de la acción y racionalización social. Madrid: Taurus. ISBN: 978 84 30699520
- Habermas, Jürgen (1999b). Teoría de la acción comunicativa (II). Crítica de la razón funcionalista. Madrid: Taurus. ISBN: 978 84 30603404
- Hardy, Jonathan (2017). “Commentary: Branded content and media-marketing convergence”. The political economy of communication, v. 5, n. 1, pp. 81-87. https://bit.ly/3Lkzs7d
- Infoadex (2020). Estudio Infoadex de la inversión publicitaria en España 2021. https://bit.ly/3wmoYAb
- Jenkins, Henry (2008). Convergence culture. La cultura de la convergencia en los medios de comunicación. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 978 84 493 2153 5
- Kovach, Bill; Rosenstiel, Tom (2007). The elements of journalism. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN: 978 0 307346704
- Lacy, Stephen; Rosenstiel, Tom (2015). Defining and measuring quality journalism. Rutgers school of communication and information. https://bit.ly/3woY896
- Lee, Tien-Tsung (2018). “Trust and credibility in news media”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 95, n. 1, pp. 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017749244
- Lewandowsky, Stephan; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Cook, John (2017). “Beyond misinformation: Understanding and coping with the ‘post-truth’ era”. Journal of applied research in memory and cognition, v. 6, n. 4, pp. 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.07.008
- Lippmann, Walter (1922). Public opinion. New York: The Free Press. ISBN: 978 1 947844568
- López-García, Guillermo (2004). Comunicación electoral y formación de la opinión pública. Las elecciones generales de 2000 en la prensa española. Valencia: Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat de València. ISBN: 978 84 37058405
- López-García, Guillermo (2006). “Comunicación en red y mutaciones de la esfera pública”. ZER: Revista de estudios de comunicación, v. 20, pp. 231-249. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.3762
- López-García, Guillermo; Palau-Sampio, Dolors; Palomo, Bella; Campos-Domínguez, Eva; Masip, Pere (eds.) (2021). Politics of disinformation. The influence of fake news on the public sphere. New York: Wiley. ISBN: 978 1 11974323
- Macnamara, Jim (2016). “The continuing convergence of journalism and PR: New insights for ethical practice from a three-country study of senior practitioners”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 93, n. 1, pp. 118-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015605803
- Malik, Asmaa; Shapiro, Ivor (2017). “What’s digital? What’s journalism?”. In: Franklin, Bob; Eldridge II, S. A. (eds.). The Routledge companion to digital journalism studies. London: Routledge, pp. 15-24. ISBN: 978 0 367205027
- Meier, Klaus (2019). “Quality in journalism”. The international encyclopedia of journalism studies, pp. 1-8. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118841570.iejs0041
- Mitchell, Amy; Jurkowitz, Mark; Oliphant, J. Baxter; Shearer, Elisa (2020). “Americans who mainly get their news on social media are less engaged, less knowledgeable”. Pew Research Center: Journalism & media, 30 July. https://pewrsr.ch/3lgviD1
- Morozov, Evgueny (2011). El desengaño de Internet: Los mitos de la libertad en la red. Barcelona: Destino. ISBN: 978 84 23327799
- Morris, Merrill; Ogan, Christine (1996). “The internet as mass medium”. Journal of communication, v. 46, n. 1, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01460.x
- Newman, Nick; Fletcher, Richard (2017). Bias, bullshit and lies: Audience perspectives on low trust in the media. https://bit.ly/3Psk7VF
- Örnebring, Hennrik; Möller, Cecilia (2018). “In the margins of journalism: Gender and livelihood among local (ex-) journalists in Sweden”. Journalism practice, v. 12, n. 8, pp. 1051-1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1497455
- Palau-Sampio, Dolors (2016). “Reference press metamorphosis in the digital context: clickbait and tabloid strategies in Elpais.com”. Communication & society, v. 29, n. 2, pp. 67-79. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.2.63-79
- Palau-Sampio, Dolors (2021). “Sponsored content in Spanish media: strategies, transparency, and ethical concerns”. Digital journalism, v. 9, n. 7, pp. 908-928. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1966314
- Palau-Sampio, Dolors; López-García, Guillermo; Iannelli, Laura (eds.) (2022). Contemporary politics, communication, and the impact on democracy. Hershey: IGI Global. ISBN: 978 1 799880578
- Pavlik, John V. (2013). “Innovation and the future of Journalism”. Digital journalism, v. 1, n. 2, pp. 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2012.756666
- Picard, Robert G. (2014). “Twilight or new dawn of journalism? Evidence from the changing news ecosystem”. Digital journalism, v. 2, n. 3, pp. 500-510. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.895530
- Pujadas, Eva (2011). La televisión de calidad: Contenidos y debates. Valencia/Barcelona/Castelló: Universitat de València, Servei de Publicacions; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei de publicacions; Universitat Jaume I, Servei de Comunicació i Publicacions. ISBN: 978 84 37078458
- Rheingold, Howard (2002). Multitudes inteligentes: la próxima revolución social. Barcelona: Gedisa. ISBN: 978 84 97840620
- Ryfe, David (2019). “The warp and woof of the field of journalism”. Digital journalism, v. 7, n. 7, pp. 844-859. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1517605
- Sallot, Lynne M.; Johnson, Elizabeth A. (2006). “Investigating relationships between journalists and public relations practitioners: Working together to set, frame and build the public agenda, 1991-2004”. Public relations review, v. 32, n. 2, pp. 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.02.008
- Sampedro, Víctor (2000). Opinión pública y democracia deliberativa. Medios, sondeos y urnas. Madrid: Istmo. ISBN: 978 84 70903823
- Sánchez-Cuenca, Ignacio (2022). El desorden político. Democracias sin intermediación. Madrid: Libros de La Catarata. ISBN: 978 84 1352 412 2
- Schlesinger, Philip (2020). “After the post-public sphere”. Media, culture & society, v. 42, n. 7-8, pp. 1545-1563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720948003
- Schudson, Michael (2008). Why democracies need an unlovable press. Cambridge: Polity. ISBN: 978 0 745 64453 0
- Schudson, Michael (2015). “How to think normatively about news and democracy”. In: Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Katherine H. (eds.). The Oxford handbook of political communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.73
- Spurk, Christoph (2019). “Measuring quality in journalism: how and what for?”. In: Francis Mdlongwa (ed.). Entrepreneurial journalism in Africa: opportunities, challenges and risks for media in the digital age. Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, pp. 28-31. https://bit.ly/3wvFXyI
- Sunstein, Cass (2001). República.com: Internet, democracia y libertad. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 84 493 1384 8
- Sunstein, Cass (2019). How change happens. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN: 978 0 262538985
- Tandoc Jr., Edson C.; Thomas, Ryan J. (2015). “The ethics of web analytics: Implications of using audience metrics in news construction”. Digital journalism, v. 3, n. 2, pp. 243-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.909122
- Valera-Ordaz, Lidia; Requena-i-Mora, Marina; Calvo, Dafne; López-García, Guillermo (2022). “Unraveling disinformation: Notions and discourses from the Spanish population”. Comunicar, v. 72. https://doi.org/10.3916/C72-2022-02
- Waisbord, Silvio (2001). “The challenges of investigative journalism”. University of Miami law review, v. 56, pp. 377- 395. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/umialr56&i=387
- Welbers, Kasper; Van-Atteveldt, Wouter; Kleinnijenhuis, Jan; Ruigrok, Nel; Schaper, Joep (2016). “News selection criteria in the digital age: Professional norms versus online audience metrics”. Journalism, v. 17, n. 8, pp. 1037-1053. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884915595474
- Witschge, Tammar; Nygren, Gunnar (2009). “Journalistic work: A profession under pressure?”. Journal of media business studies, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/16522354.2009.11073478
- Zarocostas, John (2020). “How to fight an infodemic”. The lancet, v. 395, n. 10225, p. 676. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30461-x