Measuring perceived severity of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) among the general population and IPVAW offenders

  1. Manuel Martín-Fernández 1
  2. Enrique Gracia 2
  3. Marisol Lila 2
  1. 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cby8j38

  2. 2 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

Revista:
Psychosocial Intervention

ISSN: 1132-0559

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 31

Número: 2

Páginas: 109-119

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/PI2022A8 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psychosocial Intervention

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La percepción pública de la gravedad de los incidentes de violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (VMP) es un factor importante relacionado con aspectos clave de este tipo de violencia, como su aceptabilidad o tolerancia, el sentido de responsabilidad personal, las actitudes hacia la intervención y las respuestas a la VMP de la población general, los profesionales y las víctimas. El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar nuevas evidencias de validez de la escala PS-IPVAW [Perceived Severity of Intimate Partner Violence against Women], analizando su invarianza factorial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad y entre hombres de la población general y hombres agresores de pareja. También se utilizó la teoría de respuesta al ítem para evaluar la discriminación de los ítems y su posición en el continuo del rasgo latente evaluado (i.e., la gravedad percibida de la VMP). Se examinaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en cuatro muestras de la población general (N = 2,627) y en una muestra clínica de hombres agresores de pareja (N = 200). Los resultados mostraron que la escala PS-IPVAW tuvo una excelente consistencia interna (α = .89-.90), una estructura latente unifactorial (CFI = .91-.96, RMSEA = .055-.086) y que se puede mantener el nivel de invarianza factorial estricta parcial entre géneros y distintos grupos de edad. Se encontró también que los hombres agresores de pareja mostraban un patrón diferencial en la evaluación de la gravedad percibida de la VMP en comparación con hombres de la población general. La escala PS-IPVAW es un instrumento capaz de evaluar de forma precisa la gravedad percibida de la VMP en la población general y en hombres agresores de pareja.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Acebes-Arribas, B. (2016). Estudio de medios de comunicación online. IAB Spain.
  • Archer, J,Graham-Kevan, N. (2003). Do beliefs about aggression predict physical aggression to partners?. Aggressive Behavior. 29. 41-54
  • Asparouhov, T,Muthén, B. (2005). Multivariate statistical modeling with survey data. Proceedings of the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (FCSM) Research Conference.
  • Baldry, A. C,Pagliaro, S. (2014). Helping victims of intimate partner violence: The influence of group norms among lay people and the police. Psychology of Violence. 4. 334
  • Bowen, E,Gilchrist, E,Beech, A. R. (2008). Change in treatment has no relationship with subsequent re-offending in UK domestic violence sample: A preliminary study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. 52. 598-614
  • Capaldi, D. M,Knoble, N. B,Shortt, J. W,Kim, H. K. (2012). A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse. 3. 231
  • Carlson, B. E,Worden, A. P. (2005). Attitudes and beliefs about domestic violence: Results of a public opinion survey: I. Definitions of domestic violence, criminal domestic violence, and prevalence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20. 1197
  • Catalá-Miñana, A,Lila, M,Oliver, A. (2013). Consumo de alcohol en hombres penados por violencia contra la pareja: factores individuales y contextuales [Alcohol consumption in men punished for intimate partner violence: Individual and contextual factors]. Adicciones. 25. 19-28
  • Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 14. 464-504
  • Cheung, G. W,Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling. 9. 233
  • Copp, J. E,Giordano, P. C,Longmore, M. A,Manning, W. D. (2019). The development of attitudes toward intimate partner violence: An examination of key correlates among a sample of young adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 34. 1357
  • Cunha, O. S,Gonçalves, R. A. (2015). Efficacy assessment of an intervention program with batterers. Small Group Research. 46. 455
  • Devries, K. M,Mak, J. Y,Garcia-Moreno, C,Petzold, M,Child, J. C,Falder, G,Lim, S,Baccuhs, L. J,Engel, R. E,Rosenfeld, L,Pallitto, C,Abrahams, N,Watts, C. H. (2013). The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Science. 340. 1527
  • Djikanovi, B,Lo Fo Wong, S,Jansen, H. A,Koso, S,Simi, S,Otaševi, S,Lagro-Janssen, A. (2012). Help-seeking behaviour of Serbian women who experienced intimate partner violence. Family Practice. 29. 189
  • El Sayed, S. A,DeShay, R. A,Davis, J. B,Knox, K. N,Kerley, K. R. (2020). A blue step forward: An exploratory study of law enforcement perceptions of intimate partner violence in the southern United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
  • Ergöçmen, B. A,Jansen, H. A. (2013). Intimate partner violence and the relation between help-seeking behavior and the severity and frequency of physical violence among women in Turkey. Violence Against Women. 19. 1151
  • Expósito-Álvarez, C,Lila, M,Gracia, E,Martín-Fernández, M. (2021). Risk factors and treatment needs of batterer intervention program participants with substance abuse problems. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. 13. 87-97
  • Expósito, F,Moya, M. C,Glick, P. (1998). Sexismo ambivalente: medición y correlatos. [Ambivalent sexism: Measurement and correlates]. Revista de Psicología Social. 13. 159
  • Fanslow, J. L,Robinson, E. M. (2010). Help-seeking behaviors and reasons for help seeking reported by a representative sample of women victims of intimate partner violence in New Zealand. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 25. 929
  • Faramarzi, M,Esmailzadeh, S,Mosavi, S. (2005). A comparison of abused and non-abused women';s definitions of domestic violence and attitudes to acceptance of male dominance. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 122. 225
  • Frías, S. M. (2013). Strategies and help-seeking behavior among Mexican women experiencing partner violence. Violence Against Women. 19. 24-49
  • Garrido, L. E,Abad, F. J,Ponsoda, V. (2013). A new look at Horn';s parallel analysis with ordinal variables. Psychological Methods. 18. 454
  • Glick, P,Fiske, S. T. (1997). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 21. 119
  • Glick, P,Fiske, S. T,Mladinic, A,Saiz, J. L,Abrams, D,Masser, B,Adetoun, B,Osagie, J. E,Akande, A,Alao, A,Annetje, B,Willemsen, T. M,Chipeta, K,Dardenne, B,Dijksterhuis, A,Wigboldus, D,Eckes, T,Six-Materna, I,Expósito, F,López, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 79. 763
  • Glick, P,Sakalli-Ugurlu, N,Ferreira, M. C,Souza, M. A. D. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 26. 292
  • Gracia, E. (2004). Unreported cases of domestic violence against women: Towards an epidemiology of social silence, tolerance, and inhibition. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 58. 536
  • Gracia, E,García, F,Lila, M. (2008). Police involvement in cases of intimate partner violence against women: The influence of perceived severity and personal responsibility. Violence Against Women. 14. 697-714
  • Gracia, E,García, F,Lila, M. (2009). Public responses to intimate partner violence against women: The influence of perceived severity and personal responsibility. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 12. 648
  • Gracia, E,Garcia, F,Lila, M. (2011). Police attitudes toward policing partner violence against women: Do they correspond to different psychosocial profiles?. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 26. 189-207
  • Gracia, E,García, F,Lila, M. (2014). Male police officers'; law enforcement preferences in cases of intimate partner violence versus non-intimate interpersonal violence: Do sexist attitudes and empathy matter?. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 41. 1195
  • Gracia, E,Herrero, J,Lila, M,Fuente, A. (2009). Perceived neighborhood social disorder and attitudes toward domestic violence against women among Latin-American immigrants. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. 1. 25-43
  • Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2015). Attitudes towards violence against women in the EU. Publication Office of the European Union.
  • Gracia, E,Lila, M,Santirso, F. A. (2020). Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: A systematic review. European Psychologist. 25. 104
  • Gracia, E,Martín-Fernández, M,Marco, M,Santirso, F. A,Vargas, V,Lila, M. (2018). The willingness to Intervene in cases of intimate partner violence against women (WI-IPVAW) scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions. Frontiers in Psychology. 9.
  • Gracia, E,Merlo, J. (2016). Intimate partner violence against women and the “Nordic paradox.”. Social Science & Medicine. 157. 27-30
  • Gracia, E,Rodriguez, C. M,Lila, M. (2015). Preliminary evaluation of an analog procedure to assess acceptability of intimate partner violence against women: The Partner Violence Acceptability Movie Task. Frontiers in Psychology. 6.
  • Heise, L. L. (1998). Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women. 4. 262
  • Heise, L. L. (2011). What works to prevent partner violence? An evidence overview. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
  • Herrero, J,Rodríguez, F. J,Torres, A. (2017). Acceptability of partner violence in 51 societies: The role of sexism and attitudes toward violence in social relationships. Violence Against Women. 23. 351
  • Hu, L. T,Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal. 6. 1-55
  • Hyman, I,Forte, T,Du Mont, J,Romans, S,Cohen, M. M. (2009). Help-seeking behavior for intimate partner violence among racial minority women in Canada. Women';s Health Issues. 19. 101
  • Kiss, L,Lucas d';Oliveira, A. F,Zimmerman, C,Heise, L,Schraiber, L. B,Watts, C. (2012). Brazilian policy responses to violence against women: Government strategy and the help-seeking behaviors of women who experience violence. Health & Human Rights. 14. 64-77
  • Krägeloh, C. U,Bergomi, C,Siegert, R. J,Medvedev, O. N. (2018). Response shift after a mindfulness-based intervention: Measurement invariance testing of the Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences. Mindfulness. 9. 212
  • Latané, B,Darley, J. M. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn';t he help?. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Lelaurain, S,Fonte, D,Aim, M. A,Khatmi, N,Decarsin, T,Lo Monaco, G,Apostolidis, T. (2018). “One doesn';t slap a girl but...” social representations and conditional logics in legitimization of intimate partner violence. Sex Roles. 78. 637
  • Lelaurain, S,Fonte, D,Giger, J. C,Guignard, S,Lo Monaco, G. (2021). Legitimizing intimate partner violence: The role of romantic love and the mediating effect of patriarchal ideologies. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 36. 6351
  • Leon, C. M,Aizpurua, E,Rollero, C. (2021). None of my business? An experiment analyzing willingness to formally report incidents of intimate partner violence against women. Violence Against Women.
  • Lila, M,Gracia, E,García, F. (2013). Ambivalent sexism, empathy and law enforcement attitudes towards partner violence against women among male police officers. Psychology, Crime & Law. 19. 907
  • Lila, M,Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,López-Ossorio, J. J,González, J. L. (2019). Identifying key predictors of recidivism among offenders attending a batterer intervention program: A survival analysis. Psychosocial Intervention. 28. 157
  • MacCallum, R. C,Browne, M. W,Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods. 1. 130
  • Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2018). Assessing victim-blaming attitudes in cases of intimate partner violence against women: Development and validation of the VB-IPVAW scale. Psychosocial Intervention. 27. 133
  • Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2019). Psychological intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: A cross-national invariance study. BMC Public Health. 19.
  • Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2020). Ensuring the comparability of cross-national survey data on intimate partner violence against women: A cross-sectional, population-based study in the European Union. BMJ Open. 10.
  • Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2021). A short measure of acceptability of intimate partner violence against women: Development and validation of the A-IPVAW-8 Scale. Assessment.
  • Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Marco, M,Vargas, V,Santirso, F. A,Lila, M. (2018). Measuring acceptability of intimate partner violence against women: Development and validation of the A-IPVAW scale. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. 10. 26-34
  • Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2017). Maximum likelihood estimation of structural equation models for continuous data: Standard errors and goodness of fit. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 24. 383
  • Milfont, T. L,Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research. 3. 111
  • Muthén, L. K,Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user';s guide. 8. Muthén & Muthén.
  • Piliavin, J. A,Dovidio, J. F,Gaertner, S. L,Clark III, R. D. (1981). Emergency intervention. Academic Press.
  • Powell, A,Webster, K. (2018). Cultures of gendered violence: An integrative review of measures of attitudinal support for violence against women. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 51. 40-57
  • Putnick, D. L,Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review. 41. 71-90
  • (2021). R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R foundation for statistical computing.
  • Revelle, W. (2021). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research. Northwestern University.
  • Rizo, C. F,Macy, R. J. (2011). Help seeking and barriers of Hispanic partner violence survivors: A systematic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 16. 250
  • Rollero, C,Glick, P,Tartaglia, S. (2014). Psychometric properties of short versions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. 21. 149
  • Samejima, F. (1973). Homogeneous case of the continuous response model. Psychometrika. 38. 203
  • Sánchez-Hernández, M. D,Herrera-Enríquez, M. D. C,Expósito, F. (2020). Controlling behaviors in couple relationships in the digital age: Acceptability of gender violence, sexism, and myths about romantic love. Psychosocial Intervention. 29. 67-81
  • Sánchez-Prada, A,Delgado-Alvarez, C,Bosch-Fiol, E,Ferreiro-Basurto, V,Ferrer-Perez, V. A. (2020). Measurement of supportive attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women among a Spanish-speaker sample. Plos One. 15.
  • Sani, A. I,Coelho, A,Manita, C. (2018). Intervention in domestic violence situations: police attitudes and beliefs. Psychology, Community & Health. 7. 72-86
  • Santirso, F. A,Gilchrist, G,Lila, M,Gracia, E. (2020). Motivational strategies in interventions for intimate partner violence offenders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychosocial Intervention. 29. 175
  • Sardinha, L,Catalán, H. E. N. (2018). Attitudes towards domestic violence in 49 low-and middle-income countries: A gendered analysis of prevalence and country-level correlates. Plos One. 13.
  • Stöckl, H,Devries, K,Rotstein, A,Abrahams, N,Campbell, J,Watts, C,García-Moreno, C. (2013). The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: A systematic review. The Lancet. 382. 859
  • Thornton, L,Batterham, P. J,Fassnacht, D. B,Kay-Lambkin, F,Calear, A. L,Hunt, S. (2016). Recruiting for health, medical or psychosocial research using Facebook: Systematic review. Internet Interventions. 4. 72-81
  • Topolovec-Vranic, J,Natarajan, K. (2016). The use of social media in recruitment for medical research studies: A scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 18.
  • (2015). United Nations Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations.
  • Vargas, V,Lila, M,Catalá-Miñana, A,Gracia, E. (2017). Españoles e Inmigrantes Latinoamericanos condenados por violencia de género: ¿existe un perfil diferencial?. Acción Psicológica. 14. 51-68
  • Villagrán, A. M,Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2020). Adaptación y validación de la escala de actitudes de culpabilización de la víctima en casos de violencia de pareja contra la mujer (VB-IPVAW) en población ecuatoriana. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. 52. 243
  • Villagrán, A. M,Martín-Fernández, M,Gracia, E,Lila, M. (2022). Validación de la escala de aceptabilidad de la violencia de pareja contra la mujer (A-IPVAW) en población ecuatoriana. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica. 62. 67-81
  • Vitoria-Estruch, S. V,Romero-Martínez, Á,Ruiz-Robledillo, N,Sariñana-González, P,Lila, M,Moya-Albiol, L. (2017). The role of mental rigidity and alcohol consumption interaction on intimate partner violence: A Spanish study. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 26. 664
  • Vives-Cases, C,Torrubiano-Dominguez, J,Escriba-Aguir, V,Ruiz-Perez, I,Montero-Pinar, M. I,Gil-Gonzalez, D. (2011). Social determinants and health effects of low and high severity intimate partner violence. Annals of Epidemiology. 21. 907
  • Waltermaurer, E. (2012). Public justification of intimate partner violence: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 13. 167
  • Webster, K,Diemer, K,Honey, N,Mannix, S,Mickle, J,Morgan, J,Parkes, A,Politoff, V,Powell, A,Stubbs, J,Ward, A. (2018). Australians'; attitudes to violence against women and gender equality. Findings from the 2017 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS). ANROWS.
  • Worden, A. P,Carlson, B. E. (2005). Attitudes and beliefs about domestic violence: Results of a public opinion survey. II. Beliefs about causes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 20. 1219
  • (2002). World Health Organization World report on violence and health. World Health Organization.
  • (2013). World Health Organization Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization.
  • (2021). World Health Organization Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018. Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization.
  • Zopluoglu, C. (2012). EstCRM: An R package for Samejima';s continuous IRT model. Applied Psychological Measurement. 36. 149
  • Zopluoglu, C. (2013). A comparison of two estimation algorithms for Samejima';s continuous IRT model. Behavior Research Methods. 45. 54-64