Estudio prospectivo de implantes inmediatos postextracción en zonas infectadas y no infectadas, restaurados con coronas cementadas3 años de seguimiento

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the survival of immediate implants placed in postextraction infected and non-infected sites, restored with cemented crowns. Methods: Thirty-six implants were immediately placed in non-infected sockets (control group (CG), n = 18), and in infected alveoli (test group (TG), n= 18) that had been debrided, curetted, cleaned with 3% hydrogen peroxide, irradiated with yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, and irrigated with a sterile solution. Guided bone regeneration was performed under antibiotic coverture. All study patients had both a CG and a TG site. The implant osteotomy sites were extended 3-4 mm beyond the apical extent of the sockets to achieve primary stability for the implants. The prosthetic phase occurred 4.5 months after surgery. Success criteria were accepted as the presence of implant stability, absence of a radiolucent zone around the implants, absence of mucosal suppuration, and lack of pain. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline, and at 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. Results: All of the implants were osseointegrated 3 months after surgery. The 3-year survival rate was 94.44% for TG, and 100% for CG. The clinical and radiographic variables tested yielded no significant differences among groups at 36 months. Conclusions: Under the tested conditions, immediate implant placement can be considered a predictable treatment option for the restoration of fresh postextraction infected sockets. Clinical significance: Immediate implants may be indicated for replacing teeth lost due to chronic periapical lesions with endodontic failure history when appropriate preoperative procedures are taken to clean and decontaminate the surgical sites.