The austerity effectparty activism in European democracies during the Great Recession

  1. Rodríguez-Teruel, Juan 1
  2. Correa, Patricia 2
  3. Barberà, Oscar 1
  1. 1 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

  2. 2 Aston University
    info

    Aston University

    Birmingham, Reino Unido

    ROR https://ror.org/05j0ve876

Revista:
Revista internacional de sociología

ISSN: 0034-9712

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 79

Número: 4

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3989/RIS.2021.79.4.M21.07 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista internacional de sociología

Resumen

El artículo analiza la evolución de la afiliación y el activismo partidista en Europa en los últimos veinte años. Tenemos dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, proporcionamos una nueva tipología de los diferentes modos de vinculación a los partidos políticos. De acuerdo con el modelo de afiliación multi-speed de Susan Scarrow, abogamos por una re-conceptualización del activismo de partido que lo separe de la afiliación formal. Basándonos en datos de la ESS, observamos que la disminución formal de la vinculación a los partidos va acompañada de proporciones estables o incluso crecientes de activismo partidista, lo que sugiere diferentes tendencias de evolución para diferentes modos de afiliación partidista. En segundo lugar, analizamos el efecto movilizador de la Gran Recesión sobre el activismo de partido en las democracias europeas. Usando regresiones de error estándar corregidas por panel, nuestros resultados muestran que aquellos países que implementaron políticas de austeridad duras experimentaron un aumento significativo del activismo de partido durante los años de los rescates financieros.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Achury, S., Scarrow, S. E., Kosiara-Pedersen, K. and van Haute, E. 2020. ‘The consequences of membership incentives’, Party Politics, 26(1), pp. 56-68.
  • Aslanidis, P. 2016. ‘Populist Social movements of the Great Recession’, Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 21 (3): 301-321.
  • Bale, T., Webb, P. D. and Poletti, M. 2020. Footsoldiers : political party membership in the 21st century. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
  • Beck, N. and Katz, J. N. 1995. ‘What to do (and not to do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data’, American Political Science Review, 89(3), pp. 634-647.
  • Bermeo, N. and Bartels, L. 2014. Mass politics in tough times: opinions, votes and protest in the Great Recession. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Biezen, I. van, Mair, P., Poguntke, T. 2012. ‘Going, going,...gone? The decline of party membership in contemporary Europe’, European Journal of Political Research, 51(1), pp. 24-56.
  • Bosco, A. and Verney, S. 2016. ‘From electoral epidemic to government epidemic: the next level of the crisis in Southern Europe’, South European Society and Politics. 21(4), pp. 383-406.
  • Cameron, S. 2021. ‘Civic engagement in times of economic crisis: A cross-national comparative study of voluntary association membership’, European Political Science Review, pp. 1-19.
  • Correa, P, Rodríguez-Teruel, J., Barberà, O. 2021.: ‘Farewell to the jack-of-all-trades activists? Clustering party activism in Spain’, Revista Internacional de Sociología, 79(4).
  • Dalton, R. J. and Wattenberg, M. P. 2000. Parties without partisans. political change in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Demker, M., Heidar, K. and Kosiara-Pedersen, K. 2020. Nordic party pembers. Linkages in troubled times. London & New York: Rowman & Littlefield International / ECPR Press.
  • Duverger, M. 1954. Political parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state. London: Methuen.
  • Epstein, L. D. 1967. Political parties in Western democracies. London: Pall Mall.
  • Gauja, A. 2015. ‘The individualisation of party politics: the impact of changing internal decision-making processes on policy development and citizen engagement’, The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 17(1), pp. 89-105.
  • Gaxie, D. 1977. ‘Economie des partis et rétributions du militantisme’, Revue française de science politique, 27(1), pp. 123-154.
  • Gerbaudo, P. 2019. The digital party: political organisation and online democracy. London: Pluto Press.
  • Gherghina, S., Iancu, A. and Soare, S. ed. 2018. Party members and their importance in Non-EU countries. A comparative analysis. Abingdon: Routledge
  • van Haute, E. 2009. Adhérer à un parti. Aux sources de la participation politique. Brussels: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
  • van Haute, E. and Gauja, A. 2015. Party members and activists. London and New York: Routledge.
  • van Haute, E., Paulis, E. and Sierens, V. 2017. ‘Assessing party membership figures: the mapp dataset’, European Political Science, pp. 1-12.
  • Heidar, K. 1994. ‘The polymorphic nature of party membership’, European Journal of Political Research, 25(1), pp. 61-86.
  • Heidar, K. 2006. ‘Party membership and participation’. Pp. 301-315. in Handbook of party politics, edited by R.S. Katz and W. J. Crotty. London: Sage Publications.
  • Ignazi, P. 2017. Party and democracy : the uneven road to party legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Katz, R. S., Mair, P., Bardi, L., Bille, L., Deschouwer, K., Farrell, D., Koole, R., Morlino, L., Muller, W., Pierre, J., Poguntke, T., Sundberg, J., Svasand, L., Velde, H., Webb, P. and Widfeldt, A. 1992. ‘The membership of political parties in European democracies, 1960-1990’, European Journal of Political Research, 22(3), pp. 329-345.
  • Kölln, A.-K. 2016. ‘Party membership in Europe: Testing party-level explanations of decline’, Party Politics, 22(4), pp. 465-477.
  • Kölln, A. K. and Polk, J. 2017. ‘Emancipated party members: Examining ideological incongruence within political parties’, Party Politics, 23(1), pp. 18-29.
  • Kriesi, H., Lorenzini, J., Wüest, B. and Häusermann, S. ed. 2020. Contention in Times of Crisis: Recession and Political Protest in Thirty European Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Krouwel, A. 2012. Party Transformations in European Democracies. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Lawson, K. and Merkl, P. H. 1988. When parties fail. Emerging alternative organizations. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Lisi, M. and Cancela, J. 2019. ‘Types of party members and their implications: Results from a survey of Portuguese party members’, Party Politics, 25(3), pp. 390-400.
  • Mair, P. and van Biezen, I. 2001. ‘Party membership in twenty European democracies, 1980-2000’, Party Politics, 7(1), pp. 5-21.
  • Margetts, H. 2006. ‘Cyber Parties’. Pp. 528-535 in Handbook of party politics, edited by R. S. Katz and W. J. Crotty. London: Sage Publications.
  • Morlino, L. and Raniolo, F. 2017. The impact of the economic crisis on South European democracies. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Niedermayer, O. 1986. “Methodological and practical problems of comparative party elite research: The EPPMLE Project.” European Journal of Political Research 14(1-2): 253-259.
  • Pierre, J. 1986. “Attitudes and behaviour of party activists.” European Journal of Political Research 14(4): 465-79.
  • Ponce, A.F., and S.E Scarrow. 2014. “Which members? Using cross-national surveys to study party membership.” Party Politics 22(6): 679-90.
  • Quaranta, M. 2015. Political protest in Western Europe: exploring the role of context in political action. Cham: Springer.
  • Ramiro, L. and Morales, L. 2012. ‘Examining the “demand” side of the market for political activism: Party and civil society grassroots activists in Spain’, Party Politics, 20(4), pp. 506-520.
  • Reif, K., Cayrol, R. and Niedermayer, O. 1980. ‘National political parties’ middle level elites and European integration’, European Journal of Political Research, 8(1), pp. 91-112.
  • Reif, K., Niedermayer, O. and Schmitt, H. 1986. ‘Quantitative survey attitudes issue stands ideology?’, European Journal of Political Research, 14(4), pp. 685-690.
  • Rodríguez Teruel, J., Barrio, A., & Barberà, O. 2016. Fast and Furious: Podemos’ quest for power in multi-level Spain. South European Society and Politics, 21(4), 561-585.
  • Scarrow, S. E. 1994. ‘The “paradox of enrollment”: Assessing the costs and benefits of party memberships’, European Journal of Political Research, 25(1), pp. 41-60.
  • Scarrow, S. E. 1996. Parties and their members. Organizing for victory in Britain and Germany. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Scarrow, S. E. 2000. ‘Parties without members? Party organization in a changing electoral environement’, in Dalton, R. J. and Wattenberg, M. P. (eds) Parties without partisans: Political change in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 79-101.
  • Scarrow, S. E. 2007. ‘Political Activism and party members.’ Pp. 636-654 in The Oxford handbook of political behavio, edited by R. J. Dalton and H. -D. Klingemann. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Scarrow, S. E. 2014. Beyond party members: changing approaches to partisan mobilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Scarrow, S. E. and Gezgor, B. 2010. ‘Declining memberships, changing members? european political party members in a new era’, Party Politics, 16(6), pp. 823-843.
  • Scarrow, S. E., Webb, P. D. and Poguntke, T. ed. 2017. Organizing political parties. Representation, participation and power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Schmitt, H. and Holmberg, S. 1995. ‘Political parties in decline?’. Pp. 95-133 in Citizens and the State, edited by H. -D. Klingemann and D. Fuchs. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Seyd, P. and Whiteley, P. 2004. ‘British Party Members: An Overview’, Party Politics, 10(4), pp. 355-366.
  • Ware, A. 1996. Political parties and party systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Whiteley, P. F. 2011. ‘Is the party over? The decline of party activism and membership across the democratic world’, Party Politics, 17(1), pp. 21-44.
  • Whiteley, P. F. and Seyd, P. 1998. ‘The Dynamics of Party activism in Britain: A spiral of demobilization?’, British Journal of Political Science, 28(1), pp. 113-137.
  • Whiteley, P. F. and Seyd, P. 2002. High-Intensity participation: The dynamics of party activism in Britain. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
  • Whiteley, P. F., Seyd, P., Richardson, J. and Bissell, P. 1994. ‘Explaining party activism: The case of the British Conservative Party’, British Journal of Political Science, 24(1), pp. 79-94.
  • Widfeldt 1995. ‘Party membership and party representatives.’ Pp. 134-182 in Citizens and the State, edited by H.-D. Klingemann and D. Fuchs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.134-182.