Novel analytical approaches for biomarker detection in neonatology

Abstract

The main motivation of this PhD thesis is the assessment of small molecule biomarkers with relevance in the neonatal period, and more specifically, in situations of perinatal asphyxia and oxidative stress of the newborn. Novel analytical methods have been developed and tailored to deal with the limitations of sampling in the neonatal population, employing minimally invasive approaches and small sample amounts. Different sample pre-processing steps are implemented within the workflows for the analysis of urine, blood, and human milk including Solid Phase Extraction and different deproteinizations. The employed analytical methods are based on Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of phospholipid synthesis-related biomarkers, DNA & protein oxidative damage compounds, and lipid peroxidation products; Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of biomarkers of the energy metabolism; and Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for the analysis of glutathione. The different developed methods have been successfully applied in the early assessment of severity of perinatal asphyxia, the analysis of the energy metabolism-related compounds under therapeutic hypothermia treatment, the analysis of novel lipid peroxidation biomarkers after perinatal asphyxia, the analysis of oxidative stress in human milk, and the direct analysis of glutathione in blood microsamples. Therefore, it has been demonstrated the potential applicability of the advanced analytical technologies into the clinical decision-making.