Desigualdad de género en la investigación médica españolaUn caso paradigmático
-
1
Universitat de València
info
-
2
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
info
ISSN: 0100-1574, 1980-5314
Datum der Publikation: 2021
Ausgabe: 51
Nummer: 1
Art: Artikel
Andere Publikationen in: Cadernos de Pesquisa
Zusammenfassung
Com o objetivo de avaliar a desigualdade de gênero na pesquisa científica médica, foram analisadas as bases de dados institucionais de um estudo da Universidade de Valencia (2000-2018) das faculdades de ciências da saúde (Medicina e Odontologia, Farmácia, Enfermagem e Fisioterapia) considerando sexo, categoria acadêmica, idade e espacialidade clínica dos/as pesquisadores/as. Os acadêmicos são responsáveis por um significativo número de projetos e contratos de pesquisa, com valores muito mais elevados que os dirigidos por suas colegas mulheres. O estudo também revela segregação horizontal e uma notável brecha salarial de gênero, destacando a necessidade de políticas que otimizem o talento e o trabalho das cientistas médicas espanholas em benefício da sociedade.
Bibliographische Referenzen
- Alloza Frutos, M., Anghel, B., Sánchez de Madariaga, I., Rica, S. de la, & Dolado, J. J. (Coords.). (2012). White paper on the situation of women in science in Spain. Ministry of Science and Innovation. http://www. ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Ministerio/FICHEROS/UMYC/WhitePaper_Interactive.pdf
- Astegiano, J., Sebastián-González E., & Castanho, C. T. (2019). Unravelling the gender productivity gap in science: A meta-analytical review. Royal Society Open Science, 6(6), Article e181566. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181566
- Bates, C., Gordon, L. K., Travis, E., Chatterjee, A., Chaudron, L., Fivush, B., Gulati, M., Jagsi, R., Sharma, P., Gillis, M., Ganetzky, R., Grover, A., Lautenberger, D., & Moses, A. (2016). Striving for gender equity in academic medicine careers: A call to action. Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1050-1052. http:// doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001283
- Besselaar, P. van de, & Sandstrom, U. (2016). Gender differences in research performance and its impact on careers: A longitudinal case study. Scientometrics, 106, 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1775-3
- Bowen, C. J., Kersbergen, C. J., Tang, O., Cox, A., & Beach, M. C. (2018). Medical school research ranking is associated with gender inequality in MSTP application rates. BMC Medical Education, 18(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1306-z
- Buckley, L. M., Sanders, K., Shih, M., & Hampton, C. L. (2000). Attitudes of clinical faculty about career progress, career success and recognition, and commitment to academic medicine: Results of a survey. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(17), 2625-2629. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.17.2625
- Butkus, R., Serchen, J., Moyer, D. V., Bornstein, S. S., & Hingle, S. T. (2018). Achieving gender equity in physician compensation and career advancement: A position paper of the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(10), 721-723. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-3438
- Carr, P. L., Raj, A., Kaplan, S. E., Terrin, N., Breeze, J. L., & Freund, K. M. (2018). Gender differences in academic medicine: Retention, rank, and leadership comparisons from the national faculty survey. Academic Medicine, 93(11), 1694-1699. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002146
- Ceci, S. J., & Williams, W. M. (2011). Understanding current causes of women’s underrepresentation in science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(8), 3157-3162. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1014871108
- Connolly, S., & Holdcroft, A. (2009). The pay gap for women in medicine and academic medicine: An analysis of the WAM* database. British Medical Association. https://www.medicalwomensfederation.org.uk/ images/Daonload_Pay_Gap_Report.pdf
- Escolano, E. (2006). Entre la discriminación y el mérito: Las profesoras en las universidades valencianas. Publicaciones de la Universidad de Valencia.
- European Commission. (2019). She figures 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/she-figures-2018_en.
- European Institute for Gender Equality. (2016). Promoting gender equality in academia and research institutions. https://eige.europa.eu/publications/promoting-gender-equality-academia-and-research-institutions-main-findings.
- European Institute for Gender Equality. (2019a). Gender Equality Index 2019. https://eige.europa.eu/gender-equality-index/2019
- European Institute for Gender Equality. (2019b). Tackling the gender pay gap: Not without a better work-life balance. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://eige.europa.eu/publications/ tackling-gender-pay-gap-not-without-better-work-life-balance
- European Union. (2012). Meta-analysis of gender and science research. https://ec.europa.eu/research/swafs/pdf/ pub_gender_equality/meta-analysis-of-gender-and-science-research-synthesis-report.pdf
- Eurostat (2019). Database Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/browse-statistics-by-theme
- Fox, M. F., Fonseca, C., & Bao, J. (2011). Work and family conflict in academic science: Patterns and predictors among women and men in research universities. Social Studies of Science, 41(5), 715-735.
- Lee, R. van de, & Ellemers, N. (2015). Gender contributes to personal research funding success in the Netherlands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 112, 12349-12353. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1510159112
- Leslie, S. J., Cimpian, A., Meyer, M., & Freeland, E. (2015). Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines. Science, 347(6219), 262-265. https://science.sciencemag.org/ content/347/6219/262
- Mauleón, E., Hillán, L., Moreno, L., Gómez, I., & Bordons, M. (2013). Assessing gender balance among journal authors and editorial board members. Scientometrics, 95(1), 87-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11192-012-0824-4
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (2018a). Científicas en cifras 2017. Estadísticas e indicadores de la (des)igualdad de género en la formación y profesión científica. http://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/ MICINN/Ministerio/FICHEROS/UMYC/Cientificas_cifras_2017.pdf
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (2018b). Sistema Integrado de Información Universitaria. https://www.ciencia.gob.es/portal/site
- Monroe, A. K., Levine, R. B., Clark, J. M., Bickel, J., MacDonald, S. M., & Resar, L. M. S. (2015). Through a gender lens: A view of gender and leadership positions in a department of medicine. Journal of Women's Health (Larchmt), 24(10), 837-842. http://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.5054
- Ovseiko, P. V., Greenhalgh, T., Adam, P., Grant, J., Hinrichs-Krapels, S., Graham, K. E., Valentine P. A., Sued O., Boukhris, O. F., Olaqi, N. M. Al, Rahbi, I. S. Al, Dowd, A-M., Bice, S., Heiden, T. L., Fischer, M. D., Dopson, S., Norton, R., Pollitt, A., Wooding, S., ... Buchan, A. M. (2016). A global call for action to include gender in research impact assessment. Health Research Policy and Systems, 14(1), 50. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12961-016-0126-z
- Pattani, R., Marquez, C., Dinyarian, C., Sharma, M., Bain, J., Moore, J. E., & Straus, S. E. (2018). The perceived organizational impact of the gender gap across a Canadian department of medicine and proposed strategies to combat it: A qualitative study. BMC Medical Education, 16(1), 48. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12916-018-1032-8.
- Paulus, J. K., Switkowski, K. M., Allison, G. M., Connors, M., Buchsbaum, R. J., Freund, K. M., & Blazey- -Martin, D. (2016). Where is the leak in the pipeline? Investigating gender differences in academic promotion at an academic medical centre. Perspectives on Medical Education, 5(2), 125-128. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s40037-016-0263-7
- Pingleton, S. K., Jones, V. M., Rosolowski, T. A., & Zimmerman, M. K. (2016). Silent bias: Challenges, obstacles, and strategies for leadership development in academic medicine- Lessons from oral histories of women professors at the University of Kansas. Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1151-1157. https://doi. org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001125
- Plank-Bazinet, J. L., Bunker Whittington, K., Cassidy, S. K., Filart, R., Cornelison, T. L., Begg, L., & Austin Clayton J. (2016). Programmatic efforts at the National Institutes of Health to promote and support the careers of women in biomedical science. Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1057-1064. https://doi. org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001239
- Raj, A., Carr, P. L., Kaplan, S. E., Terrin, N., Breeze, J. L., & Freund, K. M. (2016). Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Differences in Academic Productivity among Medical Faculty across 24 Medical Schools in the United States. Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1074-1079. https://doi.org/10.1097/ ACM.0000000000001251
- Red de Unidades de Igualdad de Género por la Excelencia Universitaria. (n.d.). La xarxa d'unitats d' igualtat de gènere per a l'excel·lència universitària. https://www.uv.es/ruigeu/ca/xarxa/es-red.html
- Regulation (EU) no 1291/2013. (2013, 20 December). Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) and repealing Decision No 1982/2006/EC. (Text with EEA relevance). Official Journal of the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/legal_basis/fp/ h2020-eu-establact_en.pdf
- Rochon, P. A., Davidoff, F., & Levinson, W. (2016). Women in academic medicine leadership: Has anything changed in 25 years? Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1053-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/ ACM.0000000000001281
- Shannon, G., Jansen, M., Williams, K., Cáceres, C., Motta, A., Odhiambo, A., Eleveld, A., & Mannell, J. (2019). Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: Where are we and why does it matter? Lancet, 393(10171), 560-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33135-0
- Shen, H. (2013). Inequality quantified: Mind the gender gap. Despite improvements, female scientists continue to face discrimination, unequal pay and funding disparities. Nature, 495(7439), 22-24. https://doi. org/10.1038/495022a
- Universidad de Valencia. (n.d.). Recull de Dades Estadístiques de la UV. https://www.uv.es/reculldedades
- Waisbren, S. E., Bowles, H., Hasan, T., Zou, K. H., Emans, S. J., Goldberg, C., Gould, S., Levine, D., Lieberman, E., Loeken, M., Longtine, J., Nadelson, C., Patenaude, A. F., Quinn, D., Randolph, A. G., Solet, J. M., Ullrich, N., Walensky, R., Weitzman, P., & Christou, H. (2008). Gender differences in research Grant applications and funding outcomes for medical school faculty. Journal of Women's Health, 17(2), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.0412
- Wenneras, C., & Wold, A. (1997). Nepotism and sexism in peer-review. Nature, 387(6631), 341-343. https:// doi.org/10.1038/387341a0
- Westring, A., McDonald, J. M., Carr, P., & Grisso, J. A. (2016). An integrated framework for gender equity in academic medicine. Academic Medicine, 91(8), 1041-1044. https://doi.org/10.1097/ ACM.0000000000001275
- Yedidia, M. J., & Bickel, J. (2001). Why aren’t there more women leaders in academic medicine? The views of clinical department chairs. Academic Medicine, 76(5), 453-465. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888- 200105000-00017
- Zuckerman, H. (2001). The careers of men and women scientists: Gender differences in career attainment. In Wyer M. (Ed.), Women, science and technology: A reader in feminist science studies (pp. 69-78). Routledge.