La metabolómica como herramienta hacia la medicina personalizada en diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Resum

Metabolomics is one of the new “disciplinomics” incorporated for the pathophysiological study of different diseases. This review highlights the main characteristics that define it, the methodologies and instrumentation used for its development and the main utilities that come from the results obtained. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a pathology characterized by presenting a dysglycemic continuum, which in early stages is characterized by being asymptomatic. In addition, it is included within the definition of multifactorial disease, together with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Personalized medicine in this type of pathology is the future able to address the management of patients in an individualized way. The results obtained in different studies show us metabolomics as the tool that will allow us to cover all the stages that occur in the different pathologies: from the prediction of risk, until, once diagnosed, the choice of therapies and follow-up, allowing also to personalize prevention and treatment strategies of affected patients, according to their individual characteristics. The increase in publications based on metabolomics makes it interesting to disseminate the bases, approaches and resources it offers in order to obtain an alternative when proposing research approaches, even in environments that are alternative to large centers of scientific production.