Prevalencia e influencia de la violencia homofóbica sobre la sintomatología depresiva y el nivel de autoestima

  1. Vicente Morell-Mengual
  2. M. Dolores Gil-Llario
  3. Beatriz Gil-Juliá
Revue:
Informació psicològica

ISSN: 0214-347X

Année de publication: 2020

Número: 120

Pages: 80-90

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

D'autres publications dans: Informació psicològica

Résumé

Gay and bisexual people constitute a group on which violence is exercised. This study analyses the prevalence and influence exerted by homophobic violence suffered throughout life on depressive symptoms and the level of self-esteem. The sample is made up of 730 homosexual or bisexual people with ages between 18 and 60 years (M = 28.47; SD = 8.81). The results indicate that between 29.6% and 76.7% have received psychological or verbal violence and between 4.2% and 19.6% have suffered physical violence throughout their lives. Significant differences according to gender are also obtained, with men reporting higher victimization rates. Regression analysis show that victimization as laughter, teasing, hitting and shoving decreases the level of self-esteem and increases depressive symptoms. These results are discussed in relation to the need of implementing educational programs that prevent this type of violence or, at least, reduce its repetition for prolonged periods.

Références bibliographiques

  • Albaladejo-Blázquez, N., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Ruiz-Robledillo, N., Sánchez-SanSegundo, M., Fernández-Alcántara,
  • Anderson, J. (2014). Providing a Safe Learning Environment for Queer Students in Canadian Schools: A Legal Analysis of Homophobic Bullying. Journal of LGBT Youth, 11(3), 212-243. doi: 10.1080/19361653.2013.879463
  • Ballester-Arnal, R., Morell-Mengual, V., Gil-Llario, M. D., Salmerón-Sánchez, P. y Castro-Calvo, J. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas preliminares de una escala de victimización homosexual. Póster presentado a la XXIV Reunión de la SPCV, Segorbe, España.
  • Baruch, R. (2012). La Encuesta nacional sobre bullying homofóbico. Recuperado de http://www.adilmexico.com/ wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Bullying-homofobico-114-May-12.pdf
  • Baruch-Domínguez, R., Infante-Xibille, C. y Saloma-Zuñiga, C. E. (2016). Homophobic bullying in Mexico: Results of a national survey. Journal of LGBT Youth, 13(1-2), 18-27. doi: 10.1080/19361653.2015.1099498
  • Blais, M., Gervais, J. y Hébert, M. (2014). Internalized homophobia as a partial mediator between homophobic bullying and self-esteem among youths of sexual minorities in Quebec (Canada). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19(3), 727-735. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232014193.16082013
  • Blondeel, K., de Vasconcelos, S., García-Moreno, C., Stephenson, R., Temmermana, M., y Toskinb, I. (2018). Violence motivated by perception of sexual orientation and gender identity: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96, 29-41. doi: 10.2471/BLT.17.197251
  • Carrera-Fernández, M. V., Cid-Fernández, X. M., Almeida, A., González-Fernández, A. y Lameiras-Fernández, M. (2018). Attitudes Toward Cultural Diversity in Spanish and Portuguese Adolescents of Secondary Education: The Influence of Heteronormativity and Moral Disengagement in School Bullying. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 23(1), 17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.psicoe.2017.07.002
  • Cereceda, J., Sánchez, F., Herrera, D., Morán, C., Fernández, T., Martínez, F. (...) Gómez, M. A. (2018). Informe sobre la evolución de los delitos de odio en España. Recuperado de http://www.interior.gob.es/documents/642012/3479677/informe+2018/ab86b6d9-090b-465b-bd14-cfcafccdfebc
  • D’haese, L., Dewaele, A. y Van Houtte, M. (2016). Homophobic Violence, Coping Styles, Visibility Management, and Mental Health: A Survey of Flemish Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 63(9), 1211-1235. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1150057.
  • DeLay, D., Hanish, L.D., Zhang, L. y Martin, C. L. (2017). Assessing the Impact of Homophobic Name Calling on Early Adolescent Mental Health: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Competing Peer Influence Effects. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 955-969. Doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0598-8
  • Elipe, P., de la Oliva, M. y Del Rey, R. (2018). Homophobic bullying and cyberbullying: Study of a silenced problem. Journal of homosexuality, 65(5), 672-686. doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1333809
  • Garaigordobil, M. y Larrain, E. (2020). Bullying and cyberbullying in LGBT adolescents: Prevalence and effects on mental health. Comunicar, 28(62), 77-87. doi: 10.3916/C62-2020-07
  • Herrero, J. y Gracia, E. (2007). Una medida breve de la sintomatología depresiva (CESD-7). Salud Mental, 30(5), 40-46.
  • Huebner, D. M., Rebchook, G. y Kegeles, S. (2004). Experiences of harassment, discrimination, and physical violence among young gay and bisexual men. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1200-1203. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.94.7.1200
  • Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Giga, N. M., Villenas, C. y Danischewski, D. J. (2016). The 2015 national school climate survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York, NY: GLSEN. Recuperado de https://www.glsen.org/article/2015-national-school-climate-survey
  • Lehavot, K. y Simoni, J. M. (2011). The impact of minority stress on mental health and substance use among sexual minority women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(2), 159-170. doi:10.1037/a0022839
  • LoSchiavo, C., Halkitis, P. N. y Kapadia, F. (2019). Sexual orientation and gender identity victimization among young adults in the New York City metropolitan area: The P18 cohort study. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(4), 399-407. doi: 10.1037/sgd0000336
  • M., Delvecchio, E. y Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2019). Health-related quality of life and mental health of adolescents involved in school bullying and homophobic verbal content bullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2622. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142622
  • Marchueta, A. (2014). Consecuencias del bullying homofóbico retrospectivo y los factores psicosociales en el bienestar psicológico de sujetos LGB. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 32(1), 255-271. doi: 10.6018/ rie.32.1.168461
  • Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J. L., Navarro, J. G. y Grijalvo, F. (2007). The rosenberg self-esteem scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458-467. doi: 10.1017/ S1138741600006727
  • Martxueta, A. y Etxeberria, J. (2014). Análisis diferencial retrospectivo de las variables de salud mental en lesbianas, gais y bisexuales (LGB) víctimas de bullying homofóbico en la escuela. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 19(1), 23-35. doi: 10.5944/rppc.vol.19.num.1.2014.12980
  • Ortega-Barón, J., Buelga, S., Ayllón, E., Martínez-Ferrer, B. y Cava, M. J. (2019). Effects of intervention program Prev@cib on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(4), 527. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16040527
  • Pace, U., D’Urso, G. y Fontanesi, L. (2020). The vicissitudes of homophobic victimization in adolescence: an explorative study. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 43. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00043
  • Petrou, P., & Lemke, R. (2018). Victimisation and life satisfaction of gay and bisexual individuals in 44 European countries: the moderating role of country-level and personlevel attitudes towards homosexuality. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 20(6), 640–657. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2017.1368710
  • Pichardo, J. I., de Stéfano, M., Faure, J., Sáenz, M. y Williams, J. (2015). Abrazar la diversidad: Propuestas para una educación libre de acoso homofóbico y transfóbico. Madrid: Instituto de la mujer y para la igualdad de oportunidades.
  • Pichardo, J.I., Molinuelo, B., Rodríguez, P.O., Martín, N. y Romero, M. (2007). Actitudes ante la diversidad sexual de la población adolescente de Coslada (Madrid) y San Bartolomé de Tirajana (Gran Canaria). Madrid: FELGTB.
  • Platero, R. (2008). La homofobia como elemento clave del acoso escolar homofóbico. Algunas voces desde Rivas Vaciamadrid. Información Psicológica, 94, 71–83.
  • Poteat, V. P., Scheer, J. R., DiGiovanni, C. D. y Mereish, E. H. (2014). Short-Term Prospective Effects of Homophobic Victimization on the Mental Health of Heterosexual Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1240-1251 doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-0078-3
  • Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. doi: 10.1177/014662167700100306
  • Rodríguez, L. M. (2018). Bullying homofóbico en México a nivel de secundaria: el contexto de Nuevo León. Revista de Psicología, 36(2), 631-659. doi: 10.18800/psico.201802.009
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
  • Teasdale, B. y Bradley-Engen, M. (2010). Adolescent same-sex attraction and mental health: The role of stress and support. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(2), 287-309. doi: 10.1080/00918360903489127
  • Weber, P. y Gredig, D. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of homophobic behavior among high school students in Switzerland. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 30(2), 128-153. doi: 10.1080/10538720.2018.1440683
  • Worthen, M.G.F., Lingiardi, V. y Caristo, C. (2017). The Roles of Politics, Feminism, and Religion in Attitudes Toward LGBT Individuals: A Cross-Cultural Study of College Students in the USA, Italy, and Spain. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 14, 241-258. doi. 10.1007/s13178-016-0244-y
La source de données: Dialnet