Native waterscapes in the northern borderlands: restoring traditional environmental knowledge in Linda Hogan‘s solar storms

  1. Anna M. Brígido-Corachán
Journal:
Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos

ISSN: 1133-309X 2253-8410

Year of publication: 2018

Issue: 22

Pages: 37-57

Type: Article

DOI: 10.12795/REN.2018.I22.02 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos

Abstract

In her novel Solar Storms (1995) Chickasaw novelist and poet Linda Hogan foresees what political geographers today refer to as waterscapes, that is, water-based environments where a multiplicity of human and other-than-human forces interact with each other producing diverse forms of signification. This essay examines Indigenous experiences of water, geography, and social activism as they intersect in Hogan‘s waterscape narrative. I ground my analysis of this visionary novel in recent geographical studies that look at waterscapes from the perspective of cultural politics and which criticize rationalist conceptions of water that reduce it to the sole function of human commodity. Challenging such a reductionist view, Western and non-Western political geographers have begun to take into account traditional environmental knowledge (TEK), local ecologies, and historically rooted, alternative social practices to argue that water environments produce meaning through the ways human and other-than-human beings experience them, and this includes beings such as the earth or water. In this article I contend that such a view is the epistemological backbone sustaining Hogan‘s Solar Storms. While the potential swirling action of water as a form of environmental and spiritual power is strongly highlighted, I also consider how alternative cartographical practices and stories may challenge the boundaries of colonial dominance and propose ways in which Hogan‘s waterscape may contribute to contemporary geographical and political debates concerning home, territory, sovereignty, and sustainability in the Americas.

Bibliographic References

  • ACHARYA, Amitangshu, "27. The Cultural Politics of Waterscapes," International Handbook of Political Ecology, Ed. Raymond L. Bryant. Edward Elgar Pub, 2015, pp. 373.
  • ARNOLD, Ellen J. "Beginnings are Everything. The Quest for Origins in Linda Hogan‘s Solar Storms,"Things of the Spirit. Women Writers Constructing Spirituality, edited by K. Groover, University of Notre Dame Press, 2004.
  • BARRETT, Mary Jeanne. Beyond Human Nature Spirit Boundaries. Researching with Animate Earth. University of Regina, 2009. www.porosity.ca/pages/Executive_Summary.pdf
  • BAUER, William J. Jr. California through Native Eyes: Reclaiming History. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2016.
  • BAVISKAR, Amita. "For a Cultural Politics of Natural Resources". Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 38, n. 48, Nov. 29 Dec. 5, 2003, pp. 5051- 5055.
  • BBC News. "New Zealand river first in the world to be given human legal status" BBC World. 15 March 2017. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia39282918. Accessed 17 March 2017.
  • BRÍGIDO-CORACHÁN, Anna M. "Material Nature, Visual Sovereignty, and Water Rights: Unpacking the Standing Rock Movement". Studies in the Literary Imagination. Special Issue: 21st Century American Crises: Reflections, Representations, Transformations: Part 1, edited by Ana Fernández-Caparrós, Vol. 50, n. 1, Spring 2017.
  • CAJETE, Gregory. Native Science: Natural Laws of Interdependence. Santa Fe: Clear Light, 2000.
  • CASTOR, Laura Virginia. "Claiming Place in Wor(l)ds: Linda Hogan‘s Solar Storms. MELUS, vol. 31, n. 2, Summer 2006, pp. 157-180.
  • CBC Archives. CBC Radio-Canada. archives.cbc.ca/society/native_issues/topics/94. Accessed March 2009.
  • COOK, Barbara J. "Hogan‘s Historical Narrative. Bringing to Visibility the Interrelationship of Humanity and the Natural World". From the Center of Tradition: Critical Perspectives on Linda Hogan, edited by B. J. Cook. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2003, pp. 35-52.
  • COULTHARD, Glen, Red and White Masks. Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition. University of Minnesota Press, 2014.
  • COULTHARD, Glean and Leanne Betasamousake Simposon. "Grounded Normativity/Place-Based Solidarity". American Quarterly, vol. 68, n. 2, 2016, pp. 249-255.
  • DREESE, Donelle, "The Terrestrial and Aquatic Intelligence of Linda Hogan" Studies in American Indian Literatures vol. 11, n. 4, Winter 1999, pp. 6-22.
  • FLYS JUNQUERA, Carmen. "(Un)Mapping (Ir)rational Geographies: Linda Hogan‘s Communicative Places". The Future of Ecocriticism: New Horizons, edited by Serpil Oppermann et. al. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011.
  • GOEMAN, Mishuana R. "(Re)Mapping Indigenous Presence on the Land in Native Women‘s Literature" American Quarterly, vol. 60, n. 2, 2008, pp. 295-302.
  • HALLOWELL, A. Irving. "Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View." Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin, edited by S. Diamond, Columbia University Press, 1960, pp. 19-52.
  • HANS, Birgit. "Water and Ice: Restoring Balance to the World in Linda Hogan‘s Solar Storms" North Dakota Quarterly Summer 2003, vol. 70, n. 3, pp. 93-104.
  • HORNIG, James F, ed. Social and Environmental Impacts of the James Bay Hydroelectric Project. Montreal: McGill-Queen University Press, 1999.
  • JOHNSON, Kelli Lyon. "Writing Deeper Maps." Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 19, n. 4, Winter 2007, pp. 103-120.
  • JOHNSTON, Basil. Ojibway Heritage: The Ceremonies, Rituals, Songs, Dances, Prayers and Legends of the Ojibway. Toronto: McCLelland and Stewart, 1976.
  • KAMASH, Zena. "What Lies Beneath? Perceptions of the Ontological Paradox of Water." World Archeology, vol. 40, n. 2, 2008, 224-237.
  • MCGREGOR, Deborah. "Anishinaabe Environmental Knowledge". Contemporary Studies in Environmental and Indigenous Pedagogies: A Curricula of Stories and Place, edited by A. Kulnieks, D.R. Longboat and K. Young, Sense Publishers, 2013, pp. 77-88.
  • MELMER, David. "Canadian native groups score victory over massive Hydro Quebec." Indian Country Today. 7 December 1994.
  • ORLOVE, Ben and Steven C. CATON "Water Sustainability: Anthropological Approaches and Prospects". Annual Review of Anthropology vol. 39, 2010, pp. 401-415. JSTOR. Accessed June 28th 2016.
  • PLUMWOOD, Val. Environmental Culture. The Ecological Crisis of Reason. Routledge, 2002.
  • REYNOLDS, GLENN. "A Native American Water Ethic" Transactions, vol. 90, 2003, pp.143-161,http://calwater.ca.gov/content/documents/libra ry/tribal/native_american_water_ethic_reynolds.pdf.
  • SAFI, Michael. "Ganges and Yamuna rivers granted same legal rights as human beings" The Guardian. 21 March 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/21/ganges-andyamuna-rivers-granted-same-legal-rights-as-human-beings. Accessed 21 March 2017.
  • SCHWENINGER, Lee. Listening to the Land: Native American Literary Responses to the Landscape. University of Georgia Press, 2010.
  • SILKO, Leslie. Sacred Water. Flood Plain Press, 1991.
  • SMITH, Lindsey Claire and Trever Lee HOLLAND. "'Beyond All Age‘: Indigenous Water Rights in Linda Hogan's Fiction." Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 28, n. 2, Summer 2016, pp. 56-79.
  • STACKS, Geoffrey. "A Defiant Cartography: Linda Hogan‘s Solar Storms". Mosaic, vol. 43, n. 1, March 2010, pp. 161-176)
  • SWYNGEDOUW, Erik. "Modernity and Hybridity: Nature, Regeneracionismo, and the Production of the Spanish Waterscape, 1890–1930." Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 89, n. 3, 1999, pp. 443-465.
  • TARTER, Jim. "'Dreams of Earth‘: Place, Mutiethnicity, and Environmental Justice in Linda Hogan‘s Solar Storms." Reading Under the Sign of Nature: New Essays on Eco Criticism, edited by J. Tallmadge and H. Harrington, Salt Lake City: University of Utah, 2000.
  • TRAFZER, Clifford. "Pulsating Webs of Puha and Healing". Indigenous Environments. Native Studies Research Network UK. University of East Anglia, July 2016. Conference paper.
  • WARHUS, Mark. Another America: Native American Maps and the History of Our Land. New York: St. Martin‘s Press, 1997.
  • WARKENTIN, Traci. "Interspecies Etiquette: An Ethics of Paying Attention to Animals." Ethics & the Environment, vol. 15, n.1, 2010, pp. 101-121.
  • WILLETT, Cynthia. Interspecies Ethics. Columbia University Press, 2014.