Vínculos familiares e inclusión social. Variables predictoras de la conducta prosocial en la infancia

  1. Ana M. Tur-Porcar 1
  2. Ana Doménech 1
  3. Vicenta Mestre 1
  1. 1 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Ano de publicación: 2018

Volume: 34

Número: 2

Páxinas: 340-348

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.34.2.308151 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Outras publicacións en: Anales de psicología

Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sustentable

Resumo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosocial behavior and family environment variables (attachment to the mother and father and abandonment by the mother and father), personal variables (emotional instability, aggression, and coping strategies), and variables that relate to the immediate social environment (peer acceptance and rejection). This study also examined the predictors of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior is a personal protective factor that encourages positive relationships between peers and promotes personal and social adjustment behaviors (Mikolajewski, Chavarria, Moltisanti, Hart & Taylor, 2014). A study with a sample of 1,447 children (50.4% male and 49.6% female) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.27; SD = 1.36) was conducted. The results confirmed the positive relationships between prosocial behavior and parental attachment, functional coping, and peer acceptance. The results also confirmed the negative relationships between prosocial behavior and abandonment by the parents, emotional instability, aggression, dysfunctional coping, and peer rejection. The positive predictor variables for prosocial behavior were attachment to the mother, functional coping, and expectations of peer acceptance. The negative predictor variables for prosocial behavior were emotional instability, physical and verbal aggression, and expectations of peer rejection. The findings have educational implications, which are discussed herein

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Desde el punto de vista emocional, estar seguro de la in-condicionalidad de la figura apego y de la competencia del otro para ayudar, aporta sentimientos de seguridad, estabili-dad y autoestima, facilitando ternura, amor y comunicación emocional (Bowlby, 1980). El clima de calor y cariño en el seno familiar aporta seguridad a los niños y les ayuda a desa-rrollar conductas prosociales (Ferreira et al., 2016). A la vista de investigaciones anteriores, parece que el clima de calor es-tá más promocionado por las madres (Laible, y Carlo, 2004; Tur-Porcar, Mestre, Samper y Malonda, 2012). A la vez, los niños con apego seguro son más propensos a desarrollar expectativas positivas hacia las interacciones sociales, estimu-lando la confianza para acercarse a los demás y la competen-cia social (Ferreira et al., 2016; Van Rosmalen, Van IJzen-doorn y Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2014), al desarrollar mo-delos de interacción social (Bretherton y Munholland, 2008). Además, tienden a ser más aceptados en sus grupos de pares y a fomentar vínculos de amistad basados en la reciprocidad y a ser más competentes sociales (Schneider, Atkinson, y Tardif, 2001).

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