Características de las costras físicas y biológicas del suelo con mayor influencia sobre la infiltración y la erosión en ecosistemas semiáridos

  1. S. Chamizo 1
  2. E. Rodríguez-Caballero 2
  3. I. Miralles-Mellado 3
  4. A. Afana 1
  5. R. Lázaro 1
  6. F. Domingo 4
  7. A. Calvo-Cases 5
  8. A. Sole-Benet 1
  9. Y. Cantón 2
  1. 1 Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC
  2. 2 Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Almería
  3. 3 Departamento de Geografía Física de la Universidad Católica de Louvain-la-Neuve
  4. 4 Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas
    info

    Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas

    Almería, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01hq59z49

  5. 5 Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Valencia
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Journal:
Pirineos

ISSN: 0373-2568

Year of publication: 2010

Issue: 165

Pages: 69-96

Type: Article

DOI: 10.3989/PIRINEOS.2010.165004 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Pirineos

Abstract

Physical soil crusts and biological soil crusts occupy a wide extension in arid and semiarid areas all over the world. In these regions, soil crusting has a very strong influence on local hydrologic regimes and erosion. The main purposes of this paper are: 1) to examine how crust characteristics influence infiltration and erosion and 2) to identify the most influential crust characteristics on runoff and erosion processes. Two semiarid areas in the province of Almería were chosen and the most representative physical and biological soil crusts were identified at both sites. For each crust type, physical and chemical characteristics of the crust and the soil underneath the crust were analysed, as well as other crust properties like roughness, hydrophobicity, resistance to penetration and cover. To analyse the influence of the crust on infiltration and erosion, rainfall simulations were conducted on plots with the intact crust, and in order to examine the influence of the soil underlying the crust, rainfall simulations were conducted on plots after removing the crust. The hydrological response of the studied encrusted areas is affected, not only by the characteristics of the crust itself, but also by the characteristics of the soil in where the crust is developed and specially by the slope gradient that appears like a highly predictive variable for infiltration and erosion. Among the properties of the soil material below crusts, it is remarkable the influence of soil texture, organic carbon content and electrical conductivity, and among the properties of the crust, cover and roughness are the most predictive variables explaining the differences in infiltration and erosion between sites.

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