El vapeo que nos confunde: oportunidades y amenazas del cigarrillo electrónico

  1. Carrasco Pozo, Carmen
Journal:
Revista española de drogodependencias

ISSN: 0213-7615

Year of publication: 2015

Issue: 1

Pages: 62-74

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

More publications in: Revista española de drogodependencias

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes are currently the subject of intense debate. This article aims to analyze the most controversial aspects regarding the use of electronic cigarettes by smokers and nonsmokers, considering the threats and the opportunities involved. For this purpose the scientific evidence regarding their toxicity, the problem of their use by non-smokers, especially the young, and their potential utility to help give up smoking are examined. The implications that their use has for addiction to nicotine in smokers and non-smokers are discussed. It concludes that the evidence on the potential of electronic cigarettes to reduce damage and facilitate giving up smoking is limited but thoughtprovoking. Electronic cigarettes can only be an opportunity to improve the control of tobacco once there is suitable regulation by health authorities and when any risks and threats to public health that may result from their use can be detected and controlled.

Bibliographic References

  • Benowitz, N.L. (2008). Clinical pharma- cology of nicotine: implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 83, 531-541.
  • Benowitz, N.L. (2014). Emerging nicotine delivery products. Implications for public health. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11, (2), 231-235.
  • Brown, C.J., Cheng, J.M. (2014). Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations. Tobacco Control, 23, Suppl 2, ii4-10.
  • Bullen, C., Howe, C., Laugesen, M., McRobbie, H., Parag, V., Williman, J., Walker, N. (2013). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 382, (9905), 1629-1637.
  • Bullen, C., McRobbie, H., Thornley, S., Glover, M., Lin, R., Laugesen, M. (2010). Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: Randomised cross-over trial. Tobacco Control, 19, 98-103.
  • Burstyn, I. (2014). Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. BMC Public Health, Jan 9, 14:18, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-18
  • Caponnetto, P., Campagna, D., Cibella, F., Morjaria, J.B.,Caruso, M., Russo, C., et ál. (2013). Efficiency and safety of an electronic cigarette (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: aprospective12-month randomized control design study. PLoSOne, Jun 24, 8(6), e66317. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066317
  • Carrasco Pozo, C. (2013). El tabaco y la poliédrica nicotina. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 38 (4), 339-355.
  • Choi, K., Forster, J.L. (2014). Beliefs and experimentation with electronic cigarettes: a prospective analysis among young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46, (2), 175-178.
  • Comité Nacional para la Prevención del Tabaquismo (2014). Informe del CNPT sobre los cigarrillos electrónicos. Disponible en http://www.cnpt.es/documentacion/ publicaciones/
  • Dawkins, L., Corcoran, O. (2014). Acute electronic cigarette use: Nicotine delivery and subjective effects in regular users. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 231, 401-407.
  • De Biasi, M., Dani, J.A. (2011). Reward, addiction, withdrawal to nicotine. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 34, 105-130.
  • Drummond, M.B., Upson, D. (2014). Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11, (2), 236-242.
  • Durmowicz, E. L. (2014). The impact of electronic cigarettes on the paediatric population. Tobacco Control, 23 (Suppl 2), ii41–ii46.
  • Dwyer, J.B., McQuown, S.C., Leslie, F.M. (2009). The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 122, 125-139.
  • Farsalinos, K.E., Romagna, G., Tsiapras, D., Kyrzopoulos, S., Voudris, V. (2014). Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19,000 consumers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, (4), 4356-4373.
  • Grana, R.A. (2013). Electronic cigarettes: a new nicotina gateway? Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, 135-136.
  • Gualano, M.R., Passi, S., Bert, F., La Torre, G., Scaioli, G., Siliquini, R. (2014). Electronic cigarettes: assessing the efficacy and the adverse effects through a systematic review of published studies. Journal of Public Health (Oxf ), pii: fdu055 [en prensa], PubMed PMID: 25108741
  • Hajek, P. (2013). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Lancet, 382, (9905), 1614-1616.
  • Hampton, T. (2014). Experts call for research plus regulation of e-cigarettes. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311, (2), 123-124.
  • Horn, K., Fernades, A., Dino, G., Massey, C.J., Kalsekar, I. (2003). Adolescent nicotine dependence and smoking cessation outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 769–776.
  • Hughes, J.R. (2007). Measurement of the effects of abstinence from tobacco: A qualitative review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 127-137.
  • Jimenez Ruiz, C.A., Solano Reina., S, de Granda Orive, J.I., Signes-Costa Minaya, J., de Higes Martinez, E., Riesco Miranda, J.A., Altet Gómez, N., Lorza Blasco JJ, Barrueco Ferrero, M., de Lucas Ramos, P. (2014). The electronic cigarette. Official statement of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the efficacy, safety and regulation of electronic cigarettes. Archivos de Bronconeumología, 50, (8), 362-367.
  • Kong, G., Morean, M.E., Cavallo, D.A., Camenga, D.R., Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2014). Reasons for electronic cigarette experimentation and discontinuation among adolescents and young adults. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, pii: ntu257 [en prensa], PubMed PMID: 25481917.
  • Lee, S., Grana, R.A., Glantz, S.A. (2014). Electronic cigarette use among korean adolescents: A cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54, (6), 684-690.
  • Martínez-Sánchez, J.M., Ballbè, M., Fu, M., Martín-Sánchez, J.C., Saltó, E., Gottlieb M., Daynard, R., Connolly, G.N., Fernández, E. (2014). Electronic cigarette use among adult population: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona, Spain (2013-2014). BMJ Open, 25, 4(8), e005894. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005894
  • McQueen, A., Tower, S., Sumner, W. (2011). Interviews with “vapers”: implications for future research with electronic cigarettes. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 13, (9), 860-867.
  • McRobbie, H., Bullen, C., HartmannBoyce, J., Hajek, P. (2014). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014 Dec 17;12. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD010216
  • O’Connor, R. J. (2012). Non-cigarette tobacco products: What have we learned and where are we headed? Tobacco Control, 21, (2), 181–190.
  • Organización Mundial de la Salud (2014). Documento de antecedentes relativo al informe de la OMS sobre reglamentación de los cigarrillos electrónicos y productos similares. Ginebra.
  • Pearson, J.L., Richardson, A., Niaura, R.S., Vallone, D.M., Abrams, D.B (2012). e-Cigarette awareness, use, and harm perceptions in US adults. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 1758-1766.
  • Picciotto, M,R., Mineur, Y.S. (2014). Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: the many faces of smoking. Neuropharmacology, 76, Pt B, 545-553.
  • Polosa, R., Caponnetto, P., Morjaria, J.B., Papale, G., Campagna, D., Russo, C. (2011). Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device(e-cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study. BMC Public Health, 11, 786. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-786
  • Rose, J.E. (2006). Nicotine and nonnicotine factors in cigarette addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 184, 274-285.
  • Schroeder, M.J., Hoffman, A.C. (2014). Electronic cigarettes and nicotine clinical pharmacology. Tobacco Control, 23, Suppl 2, ii30-35.
  • Shahab, L., Brose, L.S., West, R. (2013). Novel delivery systems for nicotine replacement therapy as an aid to smoking cessation and for harm reduction: rationale, and evidence for advantages over existing systems. CNS Drugs, 27, (12), 1007-1019.
  • Spear, L.P. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 417–463.
  • Spear, L.P. (2013). Adolescent neurodevelopment. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52, (Suppl 2), S7-13.
  • Stanton, A., Grimshaw, G. (2013). Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD003289. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD003289.pub5
  • Trtchounian, A., Talbot, P. (2011). Electronic nicotine delivery systems: is there a need for regulation? Tobacco Control, 20, (1), 47-52.
  • Vansickel, A.R., Eissenberg, T. (2013). Electronic cigarettes: Effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 15, 267-270.
  • Vardavas, C.I., Anagnostopoulos, N., Kougias, M., Evangelopoulou, V., Connolly, G., Behrakis, P. (2012). Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette. impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest, 141, (6), 1400-1406.
  • Wieslander, G., Norback, D., Lindgren, T. (2001). Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58, (10), 649–655.
Data source: Dialnet