Nicotina y modelos animales¿qué nos aporta el paradigma de enriquecimiento ambiental?

  1. Mesa Gresa, Patricia
  2. Pérez Martínez, Asunción
  3. Redolat Iborra, Rosa
Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Any de publicació: 2012

Volum: 24

Número: 2

Pàgines: 87-94

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.20882/ADICCIONES.100 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

El Enriquecimiento Ambiental (Environmental Enrichment o EE) es un modelo de alojamiento basada en la estimulación a nivel físico, cognitivo y sensorial de roedores. Esta condición se caracteriza por el alojamiento de un grupo de animales en cajas grandes que contienen distintos objetos como túneles, juguetes y ruedas de correr. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es plantear los principales argumentos que sugieren que el alojamiento en condiciones de EE puede disminuir la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar adicción a la nicotina y a otras drogas de abuso, así como revisar estudios experimentales recientes relacionados con este área. Con este fin, se presenta una revisión de los principales cambios inducidos por el EE a nivel físico, neurobiológico y conductual y se exponen los resultados obtenidos en diversos estudios recientes que indican que el alojamiento en EE induce cambios neuroquímicos (potenciación del aumento de liberación de dopamina inducida por la nicotina en el córtex cerebral) y conductuales (mayor capacidad para discriminar la presencia de recompensa y disminución de la impulsividad) que apoyarían la hipótesis planteada. En base a estos resultados, cabría proponer el EE como un modelo adecuado para el estudio de la vulnerabilidad a la adicción a diferentes drogas de abuso como la cocaína o la nicotina aunque es necesario realizar más estudios que permitan establecer las bases neurobiológicas de los efectos inducidos por la exposición a ambientes enriquecidos y su posible relación con modificaciones en los sistemas cerebrales de refuerzo

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