Sobre la heterogeneidad del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivouna revisión

  1. García Soriano, Gemma
  2. Belloch Fuster, Amparo
  3. Morillo, Carmen
Revista:
Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

ISSN: 1136-5420

Año de publicación: 2008

Volumen: 13

Número: 2

Páginas: 65-84

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/RPPC.VOL.13.NUM.2.2008.4051 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

Resumen

Aunque tradicionalmente el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC) se ha considerado un trastorno unitario, cada vez son más los estudios que abordan empíricamente su heterogeneidad. En este tra-bajo se revisan críticamente las principales clasificaciones teóricas y empíricas propuestas en la lite-ratura sobre el TOC, atendiendo especialmente a aquellas que se han centrado en la agrupación de la sintomatología obsesiva-compulsiva. Dentro de estos estudios se evidencian a su vez dos aproxi-maciones diferentes: la dimensional (utilizando metodología analítico-factorial) y la categorial (utili-zando análisis cluster). Desde la primera se han estudiado tanto los pensamientos intrusos análogos a obsesiones experimentados por la población general, como las obsesiones clínicas en personas con TOC. En la mayor parte de los estudios, unos y otras se agrupan en un número de factores (gru-pos de síntomas) que oscila entre 4 y 6. Desde la perspectiva categorial se ha trabajado exclusiva-mente con población TOC, y los resultados, aunque menos consistentes, vienen a coincidir en un rango de entre 3 y 5 clusters o grupos de pacientes. Estos resultados, así como las ventajas y limita-ciones de los enfoques metodológicos y conceptuales de los que surgen, se examinan y valoran con especial énfasis en sus respectivas aportaciones al conocimiento del TOC.

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