Medición del "Efecto Distrito"una aproximación no paramétrica

Abstract

n the Marshallian agglomerations of industrial small and medium firms is given the preconditions for the presence of spatial externalities which provide competitive advantages to the firms located in these areas. The identification and quantification of these externalities is shown as a basic requirement for the existence of the called Marshallian Industrial Districts (MID). It is necessary the obtaining of indicators that contribute to evaluate the presence and intensity of these externalities. A growing interest exists in the literature about the quantification of the called «district effect». A series of works have carried out the assessment of the spatial externalities in a potential district through efficiency measures. The aim is to analyse differential performances, regarding efficiency in production processes, among those firms that are located within a hypothetical industrial district and those situated outside of it. To achieve this objective some methodologies, the most not parametric, have been used to calculate indexes so much radial as not radial. These not radial measures contribute especially to have very detailed information that allows an exhaustive characterization of the «district effect». The empirical results reached using these quantitative methodologies will allow helping in the design and application of the most suitable strategies of industrial policy for the small and medium firms in a territory.