Evaluación de habilidades cognitivas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos.

Résumé

In the context of the school orientation, we have studied, from the rigor of the scientific knowledge and following the pattern of the processing of information, the component variables that are affecting significantly in the development of the cognitive skills that take part in the resolution of the mathematical problems, derived from the aims of the first cycle of E.S.O. At the same time, we have also studied the effect, in the development of these skills, of other personal, experiential and contextual variables of the pupil. All this, with the purpose of being able to carry out educational interventions of the best quality and adapted to the needs and characteristics of the pupils, depending on the requirements of the current Educational System. From this perspective, basing on Sternberg's triarchic theory of the intelligence and of the mental self-government, and on Mayer's model referred to the basic knowledge that is involved in the process of resolution of problems, a test to evaluate the basic cognitive components that take part in the process of resolution of mathematical problems has been validated. Among the different analysis, carried out in "hierarchic cluster of subjects", four types of pupils have been identified: 15,67 % presents good skills in all four phases of the process of resolution; 13,43 % has good skills to select the plan and to execute the algorithms, and less developed those referring to the reading comprehension and to the organization of strategies; 30,59 % has achieved an acceptable reading comprehension, demonstrating low skills in the rest of the phases; and 40,29 % obtains the lowest levels in all four basic analyzed skills. Among the experiential and contextual variables it has been proved the significant effect of the academic selfesteem, of the styles of "local", "legislative" "executive", "hierarchic" , "judicially" learning and of the parents education, in the development of the cognitive skills involved in the resolution of mathematical problems.