La fraseología metalingüística amb verbs de llengua en Alemany i català. Estudi comparat d'un corpus de locucions verbals.

Resumo

This survey describes the form and use of the phraseological units (UFs) of the semantic field of the metalinguistic function in German and Catalan. After defining and describing the lexemes belonging to the lexical class of the "speech verbs", we classify the UFs of our corpus according to their metalinguistic meaning and examine them by means of a description model in 7 sections. Finally, the comparison of the features resulting from the analysis of each of these UFs enables us, on the one hand, to determine which properties define these units and distinguish them from other phraseological or non-phraseological combinations with different metalinguistic meanings and from other linguistic phenomena, and on the other hand, to establish which factors govern their appearance and use as discourse units both from an intralingual and an interlingual point of view. Our description model proves useful in disclosing peculiarities of the German and Catalan metalinguistic UFs which had not been enunciated yet or still required specific empirical confirmation. Some of the advantages of this method are: 1) It allows us to identify the five basic levels of meaning of a UF (semantic-denotative, lexical, syntactical-semantic, morphological and syntactical). 2) The internal division of the semantic field "metalanguage", based on the denotative meaning of the UFs, enables us to discover functional equivalences between pairs of idioms and, furthermore, to decide which are the most common and determining phenomena that have an influence on their construction and use. 3) By means of this method we analyse UFs according to the features which define them and make them peculiar among other language units. 4) Our description model could be especially useful in fields such as translation, second language teaching and the elaboration of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries.