El buen vivir en Ecuadordimensiones políticas de un nuevo enfoque de economía política del desarrollo

Resumen

The doctoral dissertation, titled Good living in Ecuador. Politicaf dimensions of a new approach to Political Economy of Development and written as compendium of papers, consists of seven articles. Their topic is the impact of the concept of good living {sumak kawsay) at the academic field of Political Economy of Development, especially since it was included in the Constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia. Then Political Economy of Good Living has emerged as an alternative proposal to the development, as a proposal arisen from the thought of the Andean-Amazonian peoples. Our subject is the Political Economy of Good Living, delimited in each of the papers. Moreover, our delimited subjects are seven. The first are open debates on sumak kawsay s\nce 2008 in Latin America and especially in Ecuador and Bolivia. The second are thought schools about the good living since 2000 in Latin America and especially in Ecuador and Bolivia. The third is origin of sumak kawsay as social phenomenon alternative to development. The fourth is trans-development, included degrowth y good living, as manifestation of trans-modernity in different countries since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The fifth are theoretical-normative foundations of a possible construction of good living in Latin America. The sixth are deconstruction of good living's concept and its genealogy in Latin America. And, the seventh is genealogy of the Ecuadorian discourses of good living from 1992 to 2016. To document these subjects, we have done an intense bibliographic search, applying recursive bibliography technique and filtering the results through cross references technique. In addition, once we have located the main intellectual referents on this topic, we have reviewed their main contributions. We have supplemented this collection of information by semi-structured interviews to ten specialists in good living. We have analyzed this information through qualitative research techniques (some post-rationalist); we have grouped concepts into analytical categories; we have builds cognitive maps; we have done analysis of gray literature content; we have identified epistemological frameworks; we have done synthetic analysis of contents; we have make normative proposals; we have deconstructed concepts; and we have done genealogy of concepts. We can summary these papers of in seven conclusions. The first is that thought school and cultural framework establishes the position of each author regarding the six open debates on good living (meaning, translation, origin, worldview, relationship with development, and future). The second is that thought schools about good living correspond to three different epistemological frameworks, the Andean worldview, modernity and post-modernity. The third is that sumak kawsay is a social phenomenon existing in the Ecuadorian Amazonian indigenous communities (Kichwa\ Achuar and Shuar), beyond other existences and that its diffusion brought the concept to the Constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia. The fourth is tnat four worldviews coexist in the twenty-first century (pre-modernity, modernity, post-modernity, and trans-modernity), each with its own paradigm of well-being (subsistence, development, post-development, and trans-development), and that within trans-development there are two large groups of trans-modern contributions to Development Studies (degrowth and good living). The fifth is that we can understand Latin American good living, synthetically defined as a way of life in harmony with oneself (identity), with society (equity) and with nature (sustainability), as a proposal for the transformation of Latin American systems to create a pluri-national, post-capitalist and bio-centric society. The sixth is that good living has many different intellectual influences, among which we can highlight socialism of the 21st century, social and solidarity economy, community economy, post-extractivism, degrowth, deep ecology, sumak kawsay - suma qamana - allin kawsay, Andean worldview, post-development and coloniality, amoncj others. In addition, the seventh is that the indigenous movement, the government and Alianza PAIS, and other alternative social movements of have interpreted good living in a fake way in Ecuador from 2007 to 2016.