Generation of novel bioluminescent calcium sensors based on red fluorescent protein aequorin fusionsorganelle, single cell and in vivo imaging applications

Résumé

The term `Luminescenz¿ was first established by the German physicist Eilhardt Wiedemann in 1888, which meant ¿all those phenomena of light which are not solely conditioned by the rise in temperature¿ [Harvey, 1957]. That was opposite to incandescence that is `hot light¿ radiated by any material heated to temperatures at which they become `red hot¿. Later on, Wiedemann proposed a classification of various types of luminescence, according to the meth od of excitation, which remains valid till the present day [Brovko, 2010]. He documented thermoluminescence, electroluminescence, crystallo-luminescence, triboluminescence, photoluminescence and chemiluminescence. Nowadays, despite many new subtypes of luminescence have been discovered and investigated, they all belong to the original six categories of Wiedemann. The descriptions of distinct molecular excitation and emission processes are indicated by prefix; before -luminescence. In thermoluminescence, the emission of light is due to moderate heating, while electroluminescence is caused by the energy of electrical fields. Triboluminescence and crystalloluminescence occur when crystals are shattered or when solutions crystallize. The photoluminescence takes place when the excitation phase is achieved by absorbing the energy of light itself and is subdivided into phosphorescence and fluorescence.