Drogas legales emergentes: marihuana sintética, kratom, salvia divinorum, metoxetamina y los derivados de la piperazina

  1. Espert Tortajada, Raúl
  2. Pérez San Miguel, Joana
  3. Gadea Doménech, Marien
  4. Oltra Cucarella, J.
  5. Aliño, Marta
Journal:
Revista española de drogodependencias

ISSN: 0213-7615

Year of publication: 2015

Volume: 40

Issue: 1

Pages: 46-61

Type: Article

More publications in: Revista española de drogodependencias

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

A pesar de su amplia oferta y disponibilidad a través de internet, muchas de las drogas de abuso emergentes siguen siendo desconocidas para un gran número de médicos y profesionales sanitarios. Las alternativas herbales a la marihuana (también conocidas como marihuana sintética), tales como el K2 o el spice, son un grupo de hierbas que contienen una mezcla de materia vegetal además de cannabinoides de origen sintético. El Kratom, es un producto vegetal derivado de Mitragyna speciosa Korth que tiene efectos similares a los de los opioides, y que se emplea para el tratamiento del dolor crónico y el alivio de los síntomas de retirada de los opiáceos. La Salvia divinorum es un alucinógeno con una farmacología muy singular que tiene cierto potencial terapéutico, pero que ha sido prohibido en muchos estados debido a las preocupaciones con respecto a sus efectos adversos de tipo psiquiátrico. La Metoxetamina se ha convertido recientemente en la �ketamina legal� disponible a través de internet. Además, los derivados de la piperazina, una clase de compuestos similares a la anfetamina que incluyen la BZP y TMFPP, han aparecido como una versión legal del �éxtasis�. Todos estos compuestos psicoactivos son percibidos como drogas seguras por los usuarios y están disponibles en internet a un golpe de ratón. Desafortunadamente, estas drogas tienen efectos indeseables dependiendo de la dosis y de la mezcla de drogas y oscilan de efectos mínimos a efectos serios sobre la salud. Este artículo revisa la farmacología, los efectos clínicos, la toxicidad y el manejo de su intoxicación para que los profesionales de la salud conozcan todas estas drogas emergentes de origen sintético

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